Modeli intenziviranja proizvodnje osnovnih ratarskih useva na porodičnim gazdinstvima

Serbia belongs to the European countries which have high agriculture importance in overall structure of the economy, primarily owing to the rich land resources and favorable natural conditions for agricultural production. However, a large representation of small family farms, low level of agricultural technology, incomplete usage of modern agro-technical measures in crop production, small percentage of irrigated land have a strong impact on the fluctuations in this production, which make Serbian agriculture uncompetitive. Census data shows that the most of the agricultural production of the Republic of Serbia was realized on the territory of AP Vojvodina (average about 52% of the total area under cereals and over 92% of the area under industrial crops), where family farms were the most important carriers of organizing agricultural production. Low average size of the arable land of family farms is a limiting factor in the application of modern agro-technical measures. High fragmentation certainly has a negative effect on the level of efficiency in agricultural production. The process of EU integration, in addition to opening of new big markets, requires a significant increase in productivity and quality. In this connection, the possibility that family farms will survive in the future, especially when Serbia joins the EU, is directly linked to farmers’ ability to make the best possible use of the available resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the intensity of production of basic field crops and the possibilities of their increase on family owned farms of Vojvodina. The primary goal of this work is to compare the results achieved in the production of basic field crops in existing situation and after applying the measures which could increase intensity of production, and to indicate the potential of increasing economic effectiveness and efficiency of production on family farms. Data used as the main source for the purposes of this research were analyzed collected data of survey of 75 intentionally selected family farms solely directed on crop production in region of Vojvodina...Srbija spada u red evropskih zemalja u čijoj privrednoj strukturi poljoprivreda ima visok značaj, zahvaljujući pre svega bogatim zemljišnim resursima i povoljnim prirodnim uslovima za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Međutim, velika zastupljenost sitnih porodičnih gazdinstava, nizak nivo agrotehnike, nepotpuna primena savremenih agrotehničkih mera u biljnoj proizvodnji, mali procenat navodnjavanih površina imaju snažan uticaj na oscilacije u ovoj proizvodnji, što poljoprivredu Srbije čini nekonkurentnom. Podaci Popisa pokazuju da se najveći deo ratarske proizvodnje Republike Srbije ostvaruje se na području AP Vojvodine (prosečno oko 52% ukupnih površina pod žitima i preko 92% površina pod industrijskim biljem), a porodična gazdinstva predstavljaju najznačajnije nosioce organizovanja ratarske proizvodnje u AP Vojvodini. U uslovima sitnosopstveničke strukture, veličina poseda je ograničavajući faktor u primeni savremenih agrotehničkih mera. Ovo se svakako negativno odražava i na nivo ostvarene efikasnosti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Proces međunarodnih integracija, pored toga što otvara nova velika tržišta, zahteva i značajno povećanje produktivnosti i kvaliteta. S tim u vezi, mogućnost da porodična gazdinstva opstanu u budućnosti, posebno sa ulaskom u EU, direktno je povezana sa njihovom sposobnošću da na najbolji mogući način koriste raspoložive resurse. Na osnovu prethodno izloženih činjenica i rezultata predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je intenzivnost proizvodnje osnovnih ratarskih useva i mogućnosti njenog povećanja na porodičnim gazdinstvima AP Vojvodine. Primarni cilj rada je da se komparacijom ostvarenih rezultata u proizvodnji osnovnih ratarskih useva u uslovima postojećeg stanja i posle primene mera za povećanje intenzivnosti proizvodnje ukaže na realne mogućnosti povećanja ekonomske efektivnosti i efikasnosti njihove proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima..