Vehicles's Real Driving Emissions

Emisije ispušnih plinova imaju značajan utjecaj na onečišćenje okoliša te zdravlje čovjeka, stoga je njihovo progresivno ograničavanje, odnosno smanjenje nužno. Poučeni aferom Dieselgate iz 2015. kada je otkriveno da Volkswagen, jedan on najvećih proizvođača automobila na svijetu, manipulira laboratorijskim ispitivanjima emisija ispušnih plinova, zakonodavna tijela Europske Unije 2017. godine propisuju obavezna ispitivanja emisija ispušnih plinova u stvarnim uvjetima vožnje (engl. Real Driving Emissions – RDE) koja moraju provoditi sami proizvođači vozila. Time RDE ispitivanja postaju nužna kako bi vozila mogla biti homologirana na području EU. RDE ispitivanja provode se pomoću prijenosnog sustava za mjerenje emisija ispušnih plinova za koji se već uvriježila kratica engleskog naziva - PEMS (engl. Portable Emissions Measurement System – PEMS). Uređaj je potrebno ugraditi na vozilo te ga spojiti na ispušni sustav vozila. Potom slijedi ispitivanje u stvarnim uvjetima vožnje prilikom kojeg ispušni plinovi preko vodova za uzorkovanje prolaze kroz uređaj. Potom se pomoću masenog protoka ispušnih plinova te analizatora ispušnih plinova određuju emisije pojedinih spojeva poput ugljikovog dioksida, dušikovih oksida, krutih čestica te ostalih spojeva izraženih u g/km ili u slučaju krutih čestica #/km. U sklopu ovog rada provedeno je ispitivanje emisija u stvarnim uvjetima vožnje za vozilo VW Caddy 1.4 TGI BlueMotion u vlasništvu tvrtke Brod-plin d.o.o. iz Slavonskog Broda. Vozilo može biti pogonjeno benzinom ili stlačenim prirodnim plinom - SPP, (engl. Compressed Natural Gas – CNG). Ispitivanje je provedeno u svrhu kreiranja dokumentacije koja opisuje radne procedure potrebne za provedbe RDE mjerenja kako bi se olakšao postupak akreditacije Laboratorija za motore i vozila Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje u Zagrebu za provođenje ranije spomenutih ispitivanja.Exhaust emissions have a significant impact on environmental pollution and human health, so their progressive limitation and reduction is necessary. Instructed by the 2015 Dieselgate affair, when it was discovered that Volkswagen, one of the world's largest carmakers, was manipulating laboratory tests of exhaust emissions, European Union legislatures in 2017 enacts mandatory tests of exhaust emissions in real driving conditions (Real Driving Emissions - RDE) which must be carried out by the vehicle manufacturers themselves. This makes RDE tests necessary for vehicles to be homologated in the EU. RDE tests are performed using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The device must be installed on the vehicle and connected to the vehicle exhaust system. This is followed by a test in real driving conditions in which the exhaust gases pass through the sampling lines and then through the device. The emissions of individual compounds such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and other compounds expressed in g/km or in the case of particulate matter #/km are then determined using the exhaust gas mass flow rate and the exhaust gas analyzers. As part of this work, an RDE test was performed for a VW Caddy 1.4 TGI BlueMotion owned by Brod-plin d.o.o. from Slavonski Brod. The vehicle can be powered by gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). The test was conducted in order to create documentation describing the working procedures required for the RDE measurements in order to facilitate the accreditation process of the Laboratory for Engines and Vehicles of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb to conduct the aforementioned tests