DIFFERENCE IN EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH OF JUMP TYPE BETWEEN SPRINTERS, LONG JUMPERS AND High jumpe

U ovom diplomskom radu cilj je bio utvrditi razlike u eksplozivnoj snazi tipa skoka između sprinterki, skakačica u dalj i skakačica u vis u atletici. Također, cilj je utvrditi u kojim testovima, koja skupina sportašica ima najviše vrijednosti u različitim komponentama skoka te usporediti dobivene vrijednosti triju skupina za primjenu dobivenih spoznaja na organizaciju trenažnih grupa sportaša te planiranje i programiranje treninga. Uzorak ispitanika koji su uključeni u rad je 30 atletičarki, iz svake discipline po 10 ispitanika, kategorije starije juniorke i seniorke u rasponu od 17 do 33 godine (dob, visina, težina, bodovi po IAAF bodovnim tablicama) – sprinterke (21,5±4,65 g, 170,58±3,73 cm, 61,03±4,94 kg, 931,3±119,7 bod), skakačice u dalj (21,2±5,77 g, 168,07±4,51 cm, 57,86±5,61 kg, 866,3±82,57 bod), skakačice u vis (18,4±2,46 g, 176,26±4,95 cm, 59,65±5,57 kg, 860,5±140,85 bod). Rezultati testova eksplozivne snage pokazuju da sprinterke postižu najveće vrijednosti u varijabli visina skoka, i to u testovima, MESSJ, MESCMJ, MESMAX, MESCMJLN, MESCMJDN. U istim testovima, najveće vrijednosti snage ima skupina skakačica u dalj. U testovima na mjernom uređaju, u varijablama visina i snaga skoka, skupine se statistički značajno razlikuju u samo jednoj varijabli, a to je snaga skoka u MESMAX. U tom testu, skakačice u dalj imaju statistički značajno veće vrijednosti od skakačica u vis. U testovima višekratnih skokova, MESCJs i MES15S, najbolje rezultate pokazuju skakačice u vis, a zatim sprinterke, ali bez statistički značajne razlike. U testovima vertikalnog i horizontalnih skokova s mjesta, MESSAR1, MESSDM i MESTRO, najveće vrijednosti rezultata postižu sprinterke, koje se statistički značajno razlikuju od skupine skakačica u dalj u testu MESSDM. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je svaka skupina sportašica u pojedinom segmentu eksplozivne snage tipa skoka imala veće vrijednosti od preostale dvije skupine. Na temelju ovih podataka, možemo zaključiti koliko je važno razvijati ovu sposobnost u sve tri discipline, s eventualnim razlikama u naglašavanju određene komponente skoka (visina/put, snaga, vrijeme kontakta s podlogom) s obzirom na disciplinu i individualne karakteristike sportaša.The purpose of this thesis was to determine the differences in explosive strength of the jump type between female sprinters, long jumpers and high jumpers in athletics. Also, the purpose is to determine in which tests, which group of athletes, has the highest values in different jump components, and to compare the values of the groups to apply the knowledge to the organization of athletes’ training groups, but also training planning and programming. The sample of respondents involved in the work is 30 female athletes, 10 from each discipline, categories of older juniors and seniors, ranging from 17 to 33 years (age, height, weight, points according to IAAF scoreboards) – sprinters (21,5±4,65 g, 170,58±3,73 cm, 61,03±4,94 kg, 931,3±119,7 pt), long jumpers (21,2±5,77 g, 168,07±4,51 cm, 57,86±5,61 kg, 866,3±82,57 pt), high jumpers (18,4±2,46 g, 176,26±4,95 cm, 59,65±5,57 kg, 860,5±140,85 pt). The results of the explosive strength tests show that the sprinters achieve the highest values in the jump height variable, in the tests MESSJ, MESCMJ, MESMAX, MESCMJLN, MESCMJDN. In those same tests, the group of long jumpers has the highest power values. In the tests on the measuring device, in the height and jump power variables, statistically, the groups differed significantly in only one variable, and that is the jump power in MESMAX. In this test, long jumpers have significantly higher statistical values than high jumpers. In the multiple jump tests, MESCJs and MES15S, the best results are shown by high jumpers, and then sprinters, but without a statistically significant difference. In the tests of vertical and horizontal jumps from a place, MESSAR1, MESSDM and MESTRO, the highest values of results are achieved by sprinters, who statistically differ significantly from the group of long jumpers in the MESSDM test. The research showed that each group of athletes, in a particular segment of the explosive strength of the jump type, had higher values than the other two groups. Based on this data, we can conclude how important it is to develop this ability in all three disciplines, with possible differences in emphasizing a certain component of the jump (height/path, strength, time of contact with the ground) considering the discipline and individual characteristics of an athlete