RAILWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA AFTER MARKET LIBERALIZATION

Tranzicijsko obdobje in prehod v tržno gospodarstvo sta pustila sled tudi na železniških tirih. Ločitev od skupne države je zahtevala postopne spremembe železniške zakonodaje in povezovanje v evropsko železniško omrežje. Korenite spremembe je zaznati po vstopu Slovenije v EU, saj je država kot članica zavezana spoštovati skupne direktive Evropske komisije. Kompleksnost sistema, kot je železniški, zahteva visoko stopnjo varnosti. Sprva je bil pri zagotavljanju varnosti v večino procesov vključen človeški dejavnik, ki je tudi danes v manjši meri prisoten. Z napredkom tehnologije in avtomatizacijo procesov se je stopnjevala raven varnosti tudi v železniških sistemih. Upravljanje tveganj je zahteven in dolgotrajen proces, ki se izboljšuje z razumevanjem nalog, učenjem iz izkušenj in dosledno integracijo v izvajalnih procesih. Za zagotavljanje varnosti v železniškem sistemu sta odgovorna tako upravljavec kot prevoznik, vsak na svojem področju. S posodabljanjem infrastrukture in integracijo sodobnih sistemov vodenja prometa in nadzora pomožnih sistemov se izboljšuje varnost in s tem zagotavlja bolj stabilno oskrbo gospodarstva, ki je v tesni povezanosti z železnico. Da bi preprečili nastanek nesreč ali ponovitev le-teh, vsaka železniška uprava vodi statistiko izrednih dogodkov. Le-ta je podlaga za prikaz stanja varnosti v sistemu. Določila direktive EU nalagajo državam članicam, da je treba vsak dogodek oziroma nesrečo raziskati in sprejeti priporočila oziroma smernice za izboljšanje stanja.The transition period and the transition to the market economy had an impact on the railway system. The separation from the common state required gradual change of the railway legislation and integration into a European railway network. Radical changes occurred after Slovenia\u27s admission into the EU, because as a member state it is committed to respect common directives of the European Commission. The complexity of a system, such as the railway system, requires high security levels. At first, most security-ensuring processes included a human factor, which is also required today, but to a lesser degree. The advancement of technology and process automatization resulted in an increase of security levels of railway systems. Risk management is a complex and lengthy process, which can be improved by better understanding tasks, learning from experience and ensuring consistent integration in implementation processes. Both, the operator and the carrier, are committed to ensuring security in the railway system, each in their own field. Together with infrastructure upgrading and integration of modern systems for traffic management and support system control, security is also improved, thus ensuring more stable economy provision, which is closely connected to the railway system. In order to prevent accidents from happening or reoccurring, every railway administration keeps record of extraordinary events, which reveals the security level of a system. According to decrees of EU regulations, members states must investigate every event or accident and adopt recommendations or measures to remedy said situation