The Evolution of the EU’s Security Model Through the Lenses of the Balkans

As the world stage evolves, the EU has faced multiple security challenges in terms of instability and geostrategic competition starting in its back yard. Since the end of the Cold War, the security model of Europe has been evolving as a response to internal as well as to external challenges. The Balkans has since played a key role in the European security system and governance. However, the Western Balkans remains fragile, and the external pressures and internal divisions could deliver fresh instability to the region. Thus, this scenario forms a fit-for-purpose case study to test the EU’s future security model. It can be argued that the EU has the power of adaptation and growth, although its internal malfunctions have scrutinised its influence in the region and beyond, while other great powers urge to fill the power vacuum. As a result, a quantum leap forward in EU leadership appears to be critical. This article first outlines the EU’s deepening and widening security sector. Second, it examines the weaknesses and strengths of the EU’s current security model. It then observes the role and perspectives of the region's key strategic allies and competitors: the United States, Russia, and China. Finally, it discusses the EU’s future model