Topography of self-injury in children with autism spectrum disorder and children with intellectual disability

Samopovređivanje je ponašanje usmereno ka sopstvenom telu, koje je praćeno njegovim fizičkim oštećenjem. Postoji veliki broj topografija samopovređivanja kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra (PAS) i dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO), pri čemu se svako od njih ponaosob može samopovređivati na više različitih načina. Istraživanje ima za cilj da utvrdi topografiju samopovređivanja kod dece sa PAS i dece sa IO. Uzorak je formiran od 22 ispitanika sa PAS i pridruženom IO, uzrasta od 7 do 12,9 godina (AS = 9,72; SD = 1,74), i 30 ispitanika sa IO starosti od 7,1 do 12,1 godina (AS = 9,68; SD = 1,70). U oba slučaja se radi o ispitanicima sa težim oblicima IO. Topografija samopovređivanja je utvrđena primenom podskale Samopovređivanje iz Inventara problematičnog ponašanja, pri čemu su podaci dobijeni od roditelja. Samopovređivanje je prisutno kod 90,9% dece sa PAS, i kod nešto više od polovine (56,7%) dece sa IO. Prinošenje ustima ili gutanje nejestivih predmeta (pika) (65%) je najučestalija topografija samopovređivanja kod dece sa PAS, dok se među učestalije ubrajaju još i udaranje po glavi (50%) i drugim delovima tela (45%), grebanje (45%) i štipanje (40%). Kod dece sa IO, udaranje po glavi, prinošenje ustima ili gutanje nejestivih predmeta (pika), čupanje noktiju na prstima ruku i nogu, gutanje vazduha i čupanje kose su najzastupljenije topografije samopovređivanja, pri čemu je svaka od pomenutih, registrovana kod 41,2% ispitanika. Broj topografija samopovređivanja kod dece sa PAS kreće se između 1 i 10 (AS = 4,60; SD = 2,68), a u slučaju dece sa IO, od 1 do 9 (AS = 4,00; SD = 2,42). Uzrast statistički značajno i visoko korelira sa brojem topografija samopovređivanja (r = 0,61, p < 0,01), samo kod dece sa PAS. Neophodno je sagledati uticaj različitih činilaca koji mogu imati ulogu u nastanku i perzistiranju samopovređivanja, zatim, utvrditi funkciju samopovređivanja i primeniti bihevioralne strategije za njegovo preusmeravanje.Self-injury is behavior directed towards one’s own body, followed by its physical damage. There is a large number of topography of self-injury in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with intellectual disability (ID), whereby each of them individually, may self-injure in several different ways. The aim of the research was to determine the topography of self-injury in children with ASD and children with ID. The sample was formed from 22 subjects with ASD and associated ID, from 7 to 12.9 years of age (M = 9.72; SD = 1.74), and 30 subjects with ID, 7.1 to 12.1 years of age. In both cases, these people had more severe forms of ID. The topography of self-injury was determined by using the Self-injury subscale from the Behavior Problems Inventory, wherein the data was obtained from the parents. Self-injury was present in 90.9% of children with ASD, and in slightly more than half (56.7%) of children with ID. Mouthing or swallowing of non-food items (pica) (65%), was the most common topography of self-injury in children with ASD, while hitting on the head (50%) and other parts of the body (45%), scratching (45%) and pinching (40%) were among more frequent ones. In children with ID, hitting on the head, mouthing or swallowing of non-food items (pica), pulling out finger or toe nails, air swallowing and hear pulling were the most common topography of self-injury, with each of them registered in 41.2% of respondents. The number of topography of self-injury in children with ASD ranges between 1 and 10 (M = 4.60; SD = 2.68), and in children with ID, from 1 to 9 (M = 4.00; SD = 2.42). Age statistically significantly and highly correlated with the number of topography of self-injury (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), only in children with ASD. It is necessary to consider the influence of various factors that may play a role in the onset and persistence of self-injury, then, establish the function of self-injury and apply behavioral strategies for its redirection