J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

The equilibrium constants of the extraction, the molar ratios of amines to penicillin G in the extract and the bonding structures of the extracted species were studied with chemical analysis and the absorbance shift of FT-IR spectra of the functional groups in penicillin G. Extraction of penicillin G from the filtrate of fermentation broth indicates that amines will be difficult to use as the industrial solvent for the production or penicillin G because of the poor quality of the final crystalline product obtained and the difficulties involved in the stripping and solvent recovery