Biracial identity formation: a review of the literature

Biracial individuals are a growing population in the United States. This author reviews four models of biracial identity development and discusses their attributes and shortcomings. Also, several factors that impact the development of a positive, cohesive racial identity are reviewed and evaluated. The methodological issues pertinent to the models and factors impacting biracial identity development are considered. In addition, this author addresses several treatment implications for professionals who work with this population. Directions for further study are also discussed