How Learning Changes the Physiology and Structure of the Brain

This presentation will discuss the process of learning from a neurobiological perspective, and how new learning is acquired and retained. The ability to acquire new information and retrieve it on demand is largely due to the presence of neural plasticity, which is a life-long process. Acquisition of new learning requires attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory skills and executive functions. New information undergoes five major phases of processing. These stages include information encoding, transfer, imprinting, storage, and consolidation. Each stage has its own neurobiological requirements and lasts for a specific period of time. The processing of information along these stages provides the brain with the time needed in order to produce the necessary proteins, establish new synaptic connections, strengthen existing connections and establish memory pathways. Knowledge of the process and stages of learning has practical implications for classroom instruction and teacher’s expectations