International audienceWhile Montaigne embodies the pioneer of a pedagogical lineage chastising the institutions of his time, Rousseau permeated himself with the treasures of humanism bequeathed by his predecessor, whose educational beginnings he reshaped to invent negative education, in part sustenance of stoicism. It conforms exclusively to the natural development of the pupil in order to awaken his critical sense. This lucidity of mind leads the disciple to happiness. Negative Rousseauist education is therefore a long pedagogical supplement to the educational notions touched upon by Montaigne. Rousseau finishes the Montanian educational sketch by demonstrating the importance of building individual freedom and student autonomy, while respe...