Use of human urine as biofertilizer for food production and energy characterization, and use in agriculture nutrient recovery

This thesis aimed to evaluate the acceptance of eco-sanitation in a peri-urban community in the state of Ceará; to characterize the composition of human urine; to investigate its storage as a treatment method; to develop a parabolic solar concentrator prototype and evaluate the temperatures reached in the region of evaporation of the water contained in the urine; to analyze the performance of castor cultivar BRS Northeastern and corn hybrid in terms of productivity and growth when fertilized with human urine, and assess the impact of this bio-fertilizer in the soil. The results indicates that there were statistically significant differences (p0.05). Regarding physical and chemical soil attributes, it was not possible to observe significant differences before and after castor bean plantation. However, the results indicated that the higher the dose of urine applied, the greater the soil electrical conductivity, suggesting a possible salinity from high application rates of urine. Regarding maize, there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) for diameter and length of the ear comparing chemical fertilizer (T2) and urine (T3, T4 e T5). Otherwise, these treatments generated significant effects (p0,05). Com relação aos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, não foi possível observar diferenças significativas antes e depois do plantio da mamona para os tratamentos empregados. Contudo, os resultados indicaram que quanto maior a dose de urina aplicada, maior é a condutividade elétrica do solo, sugerindo uma possível salinização a partir de elevadas taxas de aplicação de urina. No tocante à cultura do milho, não houve diferença significativa na aplicação de fertilizante químico (T2) e urina nas taxas 0,5 (T4), 1 (T3) e 1,5 (T5) para as variáveis diâmetro e comprimento da espiga de milho, porém estes diferiram do tratamento controle: adubo orgânico (T1) (p