Removal of copper ion (CU2+) from industrial effluent by immobilized microbial cells.

by So Chi Ming.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.Includes bibliographical references.Acknowledgement --- p.iAbstract --- p.iiChapter 1. --- Objectives of the Study --- p.1Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.2Chapter 2.1 --- Heavy Metals in the Environment --- p.2Chapter 2.2 --- Heavy Metal Pollution in Hong Kong --- p.3Chapter 2.3 --- Chemistry and Toxicity of Copper in the Environment --- p.6Chapter 2.4 --- Conventional and Alternative Methods for Heavy Metal Removal --- p.10Chapter 2.5 --- Heavy Metal Removal by Microorganisms --- p.14Chapter 2.6 --- Factors Affecting Biosorption of Heavy Metals --- p.27Chapter 2.7 --- Applicability of Biosorbent in Heavy Metal Removal --- p.31Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods --- p.36Chapter 3.1 --- Screening of Bacteria for Copper Removal Capacity --- p.36Chapter 3.1.1 --- Isolation of Bacteria from Activated Sludge --- p.36Chapter 3.1.2 --- Selection of Copper Resistant Bacteria from Water Samples --- p.37Chapter 3.1.3 --- Pre-screening of Bacteria for Copper Uptake --- p.37Chapter 3.1.4 --- Determination of Copper Removal Capacity of Selected Bacteria --- p.37Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of Culture Conditions on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.39Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effect of Nutrient Limitation --- p.39Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of Incubation Temperature and Culture Age --- p.41Chapter 3.3 --- Determination of Copper Uptake Mechanism of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.41Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effect of Glucose and Sodium Azide on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.41Chapter 3.3.2 --- Transmission Electron Micrograph of Pseudomonas putida 5-X after Copper Uptake --- p.43Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of Pretreatment of Cells on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.43Chapter 3.5 --- Physico-chemical Characterization of Pseudomonas putida 5-X as Biosorbent for Copper Removal --- p.43Chapter 3.5.1 --- Determination of Copper Uptake Kinetics --- p.43Chapter 3.5.2 --- Determination of Freundlich Isotherm for Copper Uptake --- p.44Chapter 3.5.3 --- Effect of pH on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.44Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effect of Metal Ions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.44Chapter 3.5.5 --- Effect of Anions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.45Chapter 3.6 --- Copper Removal by Immobilized Cells of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.45Chapter 3.6.1 --- Effect of Retention Time on Copper Removal Capacity of Immobilized Cells --- p.47Chapter 3.6.2 --- Efficiency of Copper Recovery from Immobilized Cells by Various Eluants --- p.47Chapter 3.6.3 --- Performance of Immobilized Cells on Multiple Copper Loading-elution Cycles --- p.48Chapter 3.6.4 --- Treatments of Effluent from an Electroplating Factory by Immobilized Cells --- p.48Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.49Chapter 4.1 --- Screening of Bacteria for Copper Removal Capacity --- p.49Chapter 4.2 --- Effect of Culture Conditions on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.49Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of Nutrient Limitation --- p.49Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of Incubation Temperature and Culture Age --- p.52Chapter 4.3 --- Determination of Copper Uptake Mechanism of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.52Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of Glucose and Sodium Azide on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.52Chapter 4.3.2 --- Transmission Electron Micrograph of Pseudomonas putida 5-X after Copper Uptake --- p.52Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of Pretreatment of Cells on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.56Chapter 4.5 --- Physico-chemical Characterization of Pseudomonas putida 5-X as Biosorbent for Copper Removal --- p.56Chapter 4.5.1. --- Determination of Copper Uptake Kinetics --- p.56Chapter 4.5.2 --- Determination of Freundlich Isotherm for Copper Uptake --- p.56Chapter 4.5.3 --- Effect of pH on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.60Chapter 4.5.4 --- Effect of Metal Ions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.60Chapter 4.5.5 --- Effect of Anions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.60Chapter 4.6 --- Copper Removal by Immobilized Cells of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.60Chapter 4.6.1 --- Copper Removal Capacity of Immobilized Cells and Breakthrough Curve for Copper Removal --- p.60Chapter 4.6.2 --- Effect of Retention Time on Copper Removal Capacity of Immobilized Cells --- p.65Chapter 4.6.3 --- Efficiency of Copper Recovery from Immobilized Cells by Various Eluants --- p.65Chapter 4.6.4 --- Performance of Immobilized Cells on Multiple Copper Loading-elution Cycles --- p.65Chapter 4.6.5 --- Treatment of Effluent from an Electroplating Factory by Immobilized Cells --- p.65Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.72Chapter 5.1 --- Screening of Bacteria for Copper Removal Capacity --- p.72Chapter 5.2 --- Effect of Culture Conditions on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.73Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effect of Nutrient Limitation --- p.73Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of Incubation Temperature and Culture Age --- p.74Chapter 5.3 --- Determination of Copper Uptake Mechanism of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.75Chapter 5.3.1 --- Effect of Glucose and Sodium Azide on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.75Chapter 5.3.2 --- Transmission Electron Micrograph of Pseudomonas putida 5-X after Copper Uptake --- p.75Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of Pretreatment of Cells on Copper Removal Capacity of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.76Chapter 5.5 --- Physico-chemical Characterization of Pseudomonas putida 5-X as Biosorbent for Copper Removal --- p.77Chapter 5.5.1 --- Copper Uptake Kinetics --- p.77Chapter 5.5.2 --- Freundlich Isotherm for Copper Uptake --- p.78Chapter 5.5.3 --- Effect of pH on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.78Chapter 5.5.4 --- Effect of Metal Ions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.79Chapter 5.5.5 --- Effect of Anions on Copper Removal Capacity --- p.80Chapter 5.6 --- Copper Removal by Immobilized Cells of Pseudomonas putida 5-X --- p.80Chapter 5.6.1 --- Copper Removal Capacity of Immobilized Cells and Breakthrough Curve for Copper Removal --- p.80Chapter 5.6.2 --- Effect of Retention Time on Copper Removal Capacity of Immobilized Cells --- p.82Chapter 5.6.3 --- Efficiency of Copper Recovery from Immobilized Cells by Various Eluants --- p.82Chapter 5.6.4 --- Performance of Immobilized Cells on Multiple Copper Loading-elution Cycles 的 --- p.83Chapter 5.6.5 --- Treatment of Effluent from an Electroplating Factory by Immobilized Cells --- p.84Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.85Chapter 7. --- Summary --- p.87Chapter 8. --- References --- p.8