Comparative studies on salt tolerance related genes in soybean: a case study on GmPAP3.

by Wong Fuk Ling.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-115).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Thesis committee --- p.iStatement --- p.iiAbstract --- p.iiiChinese abstract --- p.vAcknowledgements --- p.viiAbbreviations --- p.ixTable of contents --- p.xiiList of figures --- p.xviList of tables --- p.xviiChapter 1. --- Literature reviewChapter 1.1 --- SoybeansChapter 1.1.1 --- Economical importance of soybean --- p.1Chapter 1.1.2 --- History and origin of soybean --- p.4Chapter 1.1.3 --- Qualitative traits of cultivated and wild soybeans --- p.5Chapter 1.1.4 --- Soybean resource in China --- p.6Chapter 1.1.5 --- Salt tolerant soybeans in China --- p.6Chapter 1.2 --- Salinization as a global problem --- p.7Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity of salt in plants --- p.8Chapter 1.4 --- Salt stress signal transduction in plants --- p.10Chapter 1.4.1 --- Ionic and osmotic stress signalingChapter 1.4.1.1 --- Ca2+ signaling --- p.11Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- The SOS pathway --- p.12Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Protein kinase pathways --- p.13Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Phospholipid signaling --- p.14Chapter 1.4.1.5 --- ABA signaling --- p.17Chapter 1.4.2 --- Detoxification signaling --- p.17Chapter 1.4.3 --- signaling to coordinate cell division ana expansion --- p.18Chapter 1.5 --- Plant adaptations in plants --- p.18Chapter 1.5.1 --- Ion homeostasis --- p.18Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Reduction of Na+ influx into the cells --- p.19Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Extrusion of Na+ out of the cell --- p.19Chapter 1.5.1.3 --- Vacuolar compartmentation of Na+ --- p.20Chapter 1.5.2 --- Osmotic adjustment --- p.20Chapter 1.5.3 --- Antioxidant protection --- p.21Chapter 1.5.4 --- Morphological and structural modification --- p.21Chapter 1.6 --- The relationship of salt stress and phosphorus deficiency --- p.22Chapter 1.7 --- The importance of phosphorus in plants --- p.25Chapter 1.8 --- The role of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) in plants --- p.25Chapter 1.9 --- PAPs in soybean --- p.27Chapter 1.10 --- Hypothesis and significance of this project --- p.27Chapter 2. --- Materials and methodsChapter 2.1 --- MaterialsChapter 2.1.1 --- Plant materials --- p.29Chapter 2.1.2 --- The clones used in this work --- p.30Chapter 2.1.3 --- Growth media for soybeans --- p.31Chapter 2.1.4 --- Equipment and facilities --- p.31Chapter 2.1.5 --- Primers --- p.31Chapter 2.1.6 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.31Chapter 2.1.7 --- Solutions --- p.32Chapter 2.1.8 --- Commercial kits --- p.32Chapter 2.1.9 --- Software --- p.32Chapter 2.2. --- MethodsChapter 2.2.1 --- Growth and salt treatment conditionChapter 2.2.1.1 --- Establishment a collection of typical salt tolerant and sensitive soybean varieties --- p.33Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Samples for northern analysis of salt inducible genes --- p.33Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Samples for characteristics of GmPAP3 gene --- p.35Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Samples for oxidative stress test --- p.36Chapter 2.2.2 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.36Chapter 2.2.3 --- Denaturing gel electrophoresis of RNA --- p.38Chapter 2.2.4 --- Expression pattern analysisChapter 2.2.4.1 --- Preparation of single-stranded DIG-labeled PCR probes --- p.39Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Testing the concentration of DIG-labeled probes --- p.40Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Northern blot --- p.41Chapter 2.2.5 --- Soluble ions analysis --- p.42Chapter 2.2.6 --- Acid phosphatase activity assays --- p.42Chapter 2.2.7 --- Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization prediction of GmPAP3 --- p.43Chapter 3. --- ResultsChapter 3.1 --- Establishing a collection of typical salt tolerant and sensitive soybean varieties --- p.44Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of salt inducible genes --- p.48Chapter 3.3 --- Characterization of GMPAP3 gene --- p.63Chapter 3.3.1 --- Phylogenetic studies of the GmPAP3 --- p.64Chapter 3.3.2 --- The salt-inducible GmPAP3 gene in soybean encodes a putative mitochondria-located PAP --- p.64Chapter 3.3.3 --- Expression of GmPAP3 was induced by NaCl stress but not P deficiency --- p.71Chapter 3.3.4 --- Expression of GmPAP3 was induced by oxidative stress --- p.80Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.82Chapter 4.1 --- A collection of typical salt tolerant and sensitive soybean varieties --- p.83Chapter 4.2 --- Inducibility of identified salt-inducible gene in different varieties --- p.85Chapter 4.2.1 --- The possible roles of identified salt-inducible genes --- p.85Chapter 4.2.2 --- Expression profiles of identified salt-inducible genes --- p.89Chapter 4.3 --- The novel gene GmPAP3 --- p.92Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and perspectives --- p.98References --- p.100Appendix I: Expression profiles of the salt inducible genes in root tissue of selected varieties --- p.116Appendix II: Major equipment and facilities used in this research --- p.124Appendix III: Major chemicals and reagents used in this research --- p.125Appendix IV: Major common solutions used in this research --- p.12