Multibeam antenna for an intelligent base station.

by Fu Kar Kit.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-160).Abstract also in Chinese.Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter Chapter 2: --- Background and Theories --- p.3Chapter 2.1 --- Background History --- p.3Chapter 2.2 --- Finite Difference Time Domain Method --- p.4Chapter 2.2.1 --- Basic Formulation --- p.4Chapter A ) --- Governing Equations --- p.4Chapter B ) --- Discretization of Differential Equations --- p.6Chapter C ) --- Numerical Stability --- p.7Chapter 2.2.2 --- Absorbing Boundary Condition ( PML - Bandlimited ) --- p.8Chapter A ) --- Berenger Perfectly Matched Layer --- p.8Chapter B ) --- "Theroy, Two-Dimensional TE Case" --- p.10Chapter B-1 ) --- Propagation of a Plane Wave in a PML Medium --- p.11Chapter B-2 ) --- Transmission of a Wave through PML-PML Interfaces --- p.15Chapter B-3 ) --- PML for the FD-TD technique in 2-D domain --- p.18Chapter C ) --- Extension to Three-Dimension Case --- p.22Chapter 2.2.3 --- Modeling of Source and Passive Lumped-Circuit --- p.25Chapter 2.2.4 --- Obtaining the frequency dependent parameters --- p.27Chapter 2.2.5 --- Time Domain Extrapolation --- p.29Chapter 2.2.6 --- Near-to-Far-Field Transformation --- p.33Chapter A ) --- FD-TD implementation of Near-to-Far-Field Transformation --- p.35Chapter B ) --- Numerical Techniques to compute the Antenna Directivity --- p.38Chapter 2.3 --- Transmission Line Circuit Theories --- p.40Chapter 2.3.1 --- Stripline --- p.43Chapter 2.3.2 --- Microstrip Line --- p.46Chapter 2.3.3 --- Quadrature 90° Hybrid --- p.50Chapter 2.3.4 --- Butler Matrices --- p.50Chapter A ) --- Types of hybrids --- p.54Chapter B ) --- Number of hybrids --- p.51Chapter C ) --- Number of fixed phase shifters --- p.51Chapter D ) --- Positions and magnitudes of fixed phase shifters --- p.51Chapter E ) --- Values of total phase shift at output ports and produced by input ports --- p.53Chapter 2.4 --- Antenna Theories --- p.54Chapter 2.4.1 --- Microstrip Patch Antenna --- p.54Chapter A ) --- Bandwidth Enhancement --- p.55Chapter B ) --- Antenna design methodology --- p.55Chapter B-1 ) --- Substrate selection --- p.55Chapter B-2 ) --- Rectangular element analysis and design --- p.56Chapter 1) --- Electromagnetically coupled patch --- p.57Chapter 2) --- Aperture coupled patch --- p.61Chapter 2.4.2 --- Array Antenna --- p.67Chapter Chapter 3: --- Butler Matrix Analysis and Design --- p.73Chapter 3.1 --- Circuit Topology --- p.73Chapter 3.1.1 --- Basic Operation of the 4x4 Butler Matrix --- p.74Chapter 3.2 --- Design Methodology and Circuit Characteristics --- p.75Chapter 3.2.1 --- 3 dB branch-line coupler --- p.76Chapter 3.2.2 --- 0 dB branch-line coupler --- p.79Chapter 3.2.3 --- 4x4 Butler matrix Beamforming network --- p.82Chapter Chapter 4: --- Multibeam Array Analysis and Design --- p.90Chapter 4.1 --- Antenna Architecture --- p.90Chapter 4.2 --- Antenna Design --- p.91Chapter 4.2.1 --- Antenna Choice --- p.91Chapter A ) --- Microstrip Dipole --- p.91Chapter B ) --- Rectangular Microstrip Patch --- p.91Chapter C ) --- Circular Patch --- p.92Chapter D ) --- Compact Patch --- p.93Chapter E ) --- Annular Resonators --- p.94Chapter F ) --- Antenna Choice of the 4x4 Butler Matrix Network --- p.94Chapter 4.2.2 --- Choice of Feeding and Matching Technique --- p.95Chapter 4.2.3 --- Basic Antenna Parameters and Measurement Technique --- p.95Chapter A ) --- Radiation Pattern --- p.95Chapter B ) --- Radiation Pattern Lobes --- p.96Chapter C ) --- Antenna Gain --- p.97Chapter D ) --- Input Impedance --- p.97Chapter E ) --- Bandwidth --- p.97Chapter 4.2.4 --- FDTD Characterization --- p.98Chapter 4.3 --- Multibeam Antenna Design and Optimization --- p.104Chapter 4.4 --- Stripline Fed - Multibeam Antenna --- p.107Chapter 4.4.1 --- Design Methodology of the Stripline 3 dB Hybrid --- p.109Chapter 4.4.2 --- Design Methodology of the Stripline 0 dB Hybrid --- p.111Chapter 4.4.3 --- Design Methodology of the Stripline 4x4 Butler Matrix Network --- p.113Chapter 4.4.4 --- Design Methodology of the Stripline Aperture Coupled Patch --- p.138Chapter 4.4.5 --- Design Methodology of the Stripline Multibeam Antenna --- p.142Chapter Chapter 5: --- Design Examples and Application of Multibeam Antenna --- p.150Chapter 5.1 --- Wireless Local Loop (WLL) System --- p.150Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work --- p.156Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.156Chapter 6.2 --- Recommendations for Future Work --- p.157Bibliography --- p.158Publication List --- p.16