Incidental vocabulary acquisition in oral interaction tasks: the effects of comprehension and negotiation.

Tjan Yuet Fong.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-117).Abstracts in English and Chinese.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSABSTRACTChapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT STUDY --- p.1Chapter 1.1.1 --- The need for enlarging EFL learners' vocabulary size in Hong Kong --- p.1Chapter 1.1.2 --- Task-based learning in English classrooms in Hong Kong --- p.2Chapter 1.2 --- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT STUDY --- p.3Chapter 1.3 --- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES --- p.4Chapter 1.4 --- ORGANIZATION OF THESIS --- p.4Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6Chapter 2.1 --- ROLE OF VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE IN L2 ACQUISITION --- p.6Chapter 2.2 --- ROLE OF INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY LEARNING IN L2 ACQUISIITON --- p.8Chapter 2.3 --- INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN L2 LEARNER-LEARNER ORAL INTERACTION TASKS --- p.9Chapter 2.3.1 --- Incidental vocabulary acquisition in L2 oral context --- p.9Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Significance of oral context --- p.10Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Current studies on L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition in oral context --- p.11Chapter 2.3.2 --- Learner-learner oral interaction tasks --- p.12Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Significance of learner-learner interaction from the perspective of acquisition --- p.12Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Significance of learner-learner interaction tasks from the perspective of pedagogy --- p.13Chapter 2.4 --- FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION --- p.14Chapter 2.4.1 --- Noticing --- p.14Chapter 2.4.2 --- Depth of processing --- p.15Chapter 2.4.3 --- Role of input comprehension in L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.16Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Theoretical claims for the significance of input comprehension --- p.16Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Theoretical claims against the significance of input comprehension --- p.17Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Empirical evidence for the significance of input comprehension --- p.18Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- Empirical evidence against the significance of input comprehension --- p.18Chapter 2.4.4 --- Role of negotiation in L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.19Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Negotiation --- p.19Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- Comprehending negotiated input and L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.20Chapter 2.4.4.2.1 --- Theoretical claims for the significance of negotiated input --- p.20Chapter 2.4.4.2.2 --- Theoretical claims against the significance of negotiated input --- p.21Chapter 2.4.4.2.3 --- Empirical evidence for the significance of negotiated input --- p.22Chapter 2.4.4.2.4 --- Empirical evidence against the significance of negotiated input --- p.22Chapter 2.4.4.3 --- Producing negotiated output and L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.24Chapter 2.4.4.3.1 --- Theoretical claims for the significance of negotiated output --- p.24Chapter 2.4.4.3.2 --- Theoretical claims against the significance of negotiated output --- p.26Chapter 2.4.4.3.3 --- Empirical evidence on the significance of negotiated output --- p.26Chapter 2.5 --- LACK OF RESEARCH ON THIS AREA IN THE HONG KONG CONTEXT --- p.28Chapter 2.6 --- RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES --- p.28Chapter 2.7 --- SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER --- p.30Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.31Chapter 3.1 --- SELECTION OF SUBJECTS --- p.31Chapter 3.2 --- INSTRUMENTATON --- p.32Chapter 3.2.1 --- Test items --- p.33Chapter 3.2.2 --- Pretest --- p.34Chapter 3.2.3 --- Task sheets --- p.35Chapter 3.2.4 --- Posttests --- p.36Chapter 3.2.5 --- Questionnaire --- p.37Chapter 3.3 --- TREATMENTS --- p.37Chapter 3.3.1 --- Treatments on Group I and II --- p.38Chapter 3.3.2 --- Treatment on Group III --- p.40Chapter 3.4 --- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES --- p.44Chapter 3.5 --- METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS --- p.44Chapter 3.5.1 --- Relationship between comprehension and negotiation --- p.45Chapter 3.5.2 --- Relationship between comprehension and L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.45Chapter 3.5.3 --- Relationship between negotiation and L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.46Chapter 3.5.4 --- Relative effects of producing negotiated output and receiving negotiated input on L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.46Chapter 3.5.5 --- Relationship between the nature of negotiation and L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.47Chapter 3.5.5.1 --- Length of negotiated word form --- p.47Chapter 3.5.5.2 --- Word frequency --- p.47Chapter 3.5.5.3 --- Number of clarification requests and confirmation checks --- p.48Chapter 3.5.5.4 --- Length of explanation --- p.48Chapter 3.5.6. --- Data from the questionnaire --- p.49Chapter 3.6 --- SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER --- p.49Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.51Chapter 4.1 --- "SUBJECTS' INPUT COMPREHENSION, IMMEDIATE WORD GAINS AND WORD RETENTION: A GENERAL PICTURE" --- p.52Chapter 4.2 --- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INPUT COMPREHENSION AND L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION --- p.56Chapter 4.2.1 --- Correlations between Gp I's comprehension scores of test item meanings and their two posttest results --- p.56Chapter 4.2.2 --- Correlations between Gp II's comprehension scores of test item meanings and their two posttest results --- p.56Chapter 4.2.3 --- Correlations between Gp II's comprehension scores of directions and their two posttest results --- p.57Chapter 4.2.4 --- Correlations between Gp III's comprehension scores of test item meanings and their two posttest results --- p.58Chapter 4.2.5 --- Correlations between Gp III's comprehension scores of directions and their two posttest results --- p.58Chapter 4.2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.59Chapter 4.3 --- EFFECT OF INPUT WITH MEANING NEGOTIATION ON L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUSITION --- p.60Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparing Gp II and Gp III's comprehension scores of test item meanings --- p.60Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparing Gp II and Gp III's comprehension scores of directions --- p.61Chapter 4.3.3 --- Comparing Gp II and Gp III's 1st and 2nd posttest results --- p.61Chapter 4.3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.62Chapter 4.4 --- RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECEIVING NEGOTIATED INPUT AND PRODUCING NEGOTIATED OUTPUT IN L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISTION --- p.63Chapter 4.4.1 --- Comparing Gp I and Gp III's 1st and 2nd posttest results --- p.63Chapter 4.4.2 --- Comparing Gp I and Gp II's 1st and 2nd posttest results --- p.64Chapter 4.4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.65Chapter 4.5 --- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES TESTED --- p.65Chapter 4.5.1 --- Testing the first hypothesis --- p.65Chapter 4.5.2 --- Testing the second hypothesis --- p.65Chapter 4.5.3 --- Testing the third hypothesis --- p.66Chapter 4.6 --- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROPERTIES OF MEANING NEGOTIATION AND L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION --- p.66Chapter 4.6.1 --- Length of negotiated word form --- p.66Chapter 4.6.2 --- Word frequency --- p.67Chapter 4.6.2.1 --- Word frequency produced by Gp I and Gp II --- p.67Chapter 4.6.2.2 --- Word frequency heard by Gp I and Gp II --- p.68Chapter 4.6.3 --- Number of clarification requests and confirmation checks --- p.68Chapter 4.6.4 --- Length of explanation --- p.69Chapter 4.6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.70Chapter 4.7 --- SUBJECTS' FAMILIARITY WITH ORAL INTERACTION TASKS AND LEARNING STYLES WHEN ENCOUNTERING NEW L2 WORDS --- p.70Chapter 4.8 --- SUBJECTS' COMMENTS ON THE TASKS --- p.72Chapter 4.9 --- SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER --- p.73Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.74Chapter 5.1 --- ROLE OF INPUT COMPREHENSION IN L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION --- p.74Chapter 5.1.1 --- Subjects' comprehension of test adjective meanings and incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.75Chapter 5.1.2 --- The different cognitive processing involved in comprehension and word acquisition --- p.76Chapter 5.2 --- ROLE OF MEANING NEGOTIATION IN L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION --- p.77Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effect of negotiated input on L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.78Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Subjects 'meaning negotiation and comprehension --- p.78Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Noticing raised by meaning negotiation --- p.79Chapter 5.2.2 --- Role of Negotiated output in L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition --- p.82Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Noticing raised by negotiated output --- p.82Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Failure to strengthen the form-meaning link --- p.83Chapter 5.3 --- PROPERTIES OF MEANING NEGOTIATION AND L2 INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITON --- p.86Chapter 5.3.1 --- Length of negotiated word form --- p.86Chapter 5.3.2 --- Word frequency --- p.87Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- Word frequency heard by subjects --- p.87Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- Word frequency produced by subjects --- p.88Chapter 5.3.3 --- Number of clarification requests and confirmation checks --- p.89Chapter 5.3.4 --- Length of explanation --- p.89Chapter 5.4 --- SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER --- p.91Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- CONCLUSION --- p.93Chapter 6.1 --- PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS --- p.93Chapter 6.1.1 --- Incidental learning of L2 adjectives in oral interaction tasks --- p.95Chapter 6.1.2 --- Implementation of oral interaction tasks in Hong Kong EFL classrooms --- p.95Chapter 6.1.3 --- Meaning negotiation as a task demand --- p.95Chapter 6.1.4 --- Choice of unfamiliar adjectives used in the tasks --- p.97Chapter 6.2 --- LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH --- p.97Chapter 6.2.1 --- Small subject size --- p.98Chapter 6.2.2 --- Experimental setting instead of the real classroom setting --- p.99Chapter 6.2.3 --- A single 45-minute task instead of a longitudinal program --- p.99Chapter 6.2.4 --- Encounter of the test adjectives and their meanings between the 1st and 2nd posttests --- p.100Chapter 6.2.5 --- Investigating receptive word knowledge only in the posttests --- p.100Chapter 6.3 --- SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.101Chapter 6.4 --- SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER --- p.102REFERENCES --- p.10