Manejo de plantas invasoras na restaura??o em ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica p?s fogo

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-19T15:57:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:19:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Companhia Energ?tica de Minas Gerais (Cemig)Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)O estabelecimento de esp?cies ex?ticas em ?reas degradados p?s fogo ? recorrente na Mata Atl?ntica. Estas esp?cies modificam a estrutura e fun??o do ecossistema resultando em significativa altera??o no fornecimento dos servi?os ecossist?micos. Assim, formas de recupera??o das condi??es nativas para desenvolver o ecossistema que existia anteriormente s?o aplicadas. Desta forma, em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica com hist?rico de dist?rbio provocado por inc?ndio seguido de elevada infesta??o de plantas ex?ticas avaliou-se a sobreviv?ncia e desenvolvimentos de esp?cies nativas transplantadas na ?rea e o comportamento das plantas ex?ticas ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos, em dois experimentos. Utilizou-se as seguintes esp?cies: Tapirira guianenses Aubl, Platycyamus regnelli Benth, Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth, , Hymenaea courbaril L., Melanoxylon brauna Schott VU, Joanesia princeps Vell., e Eugenia uniflora L. Avaliou-se sobreviv?ncia, altura, di?metro ao n?vel do solo, ?rea de copa das mudas transplantadas e cobertura das esp?cies ex?ticas (Samambaia e Capim meloso). O experimento 1, que consistia de esp?cies Pioneiras, foi plantado nas densidades de 2000, 2500 e 4000 plantas ha-1. O experimento 2, que consistia de esp?cies de grupos distintos, foi implantado nas densidades de 2000, 3000 e 4000 plantas ha-1. Para os tratamentos, combinou-se formas de remo??o das esp?cies ex?ticas (gradagem ou ro?ada) nas diferentes densidades de plantio. Entre as duas avali??es realizadas, a maior sobreviv?ncia das esp?cies nativas foi registrada na primeira avalia??o. No entanto, para altura, di?metro ao n?vel do solo e ?rea de copa as maiores m?dias foram registradas na segunda avalia??o. Em rela??o ?s formas de remo??o, a utiliza??o da gradagem tem promovido maior sobreviv?ncia das mudas. As esp?cies ex?ticas est?o em alta densidade na ?rea. Em algumas parcelas, estas ocupam quase 100% do solo. O plantio sofreu aumento de mortalidade decorrente do per?odo de estiagem entre as avalia??es. A samambaia, adaptada a condi??es de elevado pH e baixa qualidade nutricional, pode ter alterado o ambiente e proporcionado o desenvolvimento de capim meloso. Esp?cies pioneiras, como Anadenanthera colubrina, pode ser uma competidora equivalente das esp?cies ex?ticas, visto seu r?pido crescimento e boa adapta??o ?s condi??es locais impostas. Verificou-se necessidade de controle das plantas daninhas, mesmo em parcelas onde as esp?cies arb?reas est?o se desenvolvendo bem, em fun??o do aumento de densidade das infestantes.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.The establishment of exotic species in degraded areas after fire is recurrent in the Atlantic Forest. These species modify the structure and function of the ecosystem resulting in a significant change in the provision of ecosystem services. Thus, ways of recovering the native conditions to develop the ecosystem that existed previously are applied. Thus, in an area of Atlantic Forest with a history of fire-induced disturbance followed by high infestation of exotic plants the survival and development of native species transplanted in the area and the behavior of exotic plants after the application of the treatments were evaluated in two experiments. The following species were used: Tapirira guianenses Aubl, Platycyamus regnelli Benth, Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth., Hymenaea courbaril L., Melanoxylon brauna Schott VU, Joanesia princeps Vell., and Eugenia uniflora L. survival, height, diameter at ground level, crown area of transplanted seedlings and cover of exotic species (Fern and Mellow Grass). Experiment 1, which consisted of Pioneer species, was planted at densities of 2000, 2500 and 4000 plants ha-1. Experiment 2, which consisted of species of distinct groups, was implanted at densities of 2000, 3000 and 4000 plants ha-1. For the treatments, forms of removal of the exotic species (harrowing or mowing) at the different planting densities were combined. Among the two evaluations, the highest survival of native species was recorded in the first evaluation. However, for height, diameter at ground level and crown area the highest averages were recorded in the second evaluation. Regarding the forms of removal, the use of harrowing has promoted greater survival of the seedlings. Exotic species are in high density in the area. In some plots, these occupy almost 100% of the soil. Planting increased mortality due to the dry season between evaluations. The fern, adapted to conditions of high pH and low nutritional quality, may have altered the environment and provided the development of mellow grass. Pioneering species, such as Anadenanthera colubrina, may be an equivalent competitor of exotic species because of their rapid growth and good adaptation to local conditions imposed. There was a need for weed control, even in plots where tree species are developing well, due to the increase in weeds density