Propagation of pau-terra-liso (Qualea multiflora Mart.)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 karin_frichis_do_nascimento.pdf: 1481669 bytes, checksum: c542b6f2d89d5f67694bf36d33eecd30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver procedimentos de micropropaga??o para a esp?cie pau-terra-liso (Qualea multiflora Mart.) a partir de sementes germinadas in vitro e avaliar a emerg?ncia, o crescimento inicial e a sobreviv?ncia de mudas em fun??o de diferentes substratos e ambientes, em condi??es de viveiro. No primeiro cap?tulo, as sementes de Qualea multiflora foram submetidas ? desinfesta??o com hipoclorito de s?dio em diferentes concentra??es e tempos de imers?o para a sua introdu??o in vitro. Foi avaliado o percentual de germina??o e contamina??o. Utilizando o melhor tratamento do experimento de desinfesta??o, foi instalado outro experimento para comparar as composi??es distintas de meio de cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) e WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) na germina??o de pau-terra-liso. Avaliou-se o percentual de germina??o e de pl?ntulas normais. Na fase de multiplica??o foram utilizados dois tipos de explantes (segmento nodal e segmento cotiledonar) retirados das pl?ntulas germinadas in vitro que foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM. Este foi suplementado com BAP em concentra??es diferenciadas e ANA. A fase foi constitu?da pelo cultivo inicial e dois subcultivos. Avaliaram-se os n?meros de brota??es por explantes e a altura da maior brota??o. Constatou-se que a concentra??o de 5% de hipoclorito de s?dio durante 20 minutos de imers?o proporcionou os melhores resultados de desinfesta??o e germina??o in vitro. Observou-se que o tipo de meio de cultura e a concentra??o influenciam na germina??o e na qualidade das pl?ntulas de Qualea multiflora, logo, recomenda-se o meio WPM com 100% de sais e vitaminas para essa esp?cie. Os melhores resultados de multiplica??o foram alcan?ados utilizando o explante cotiledonar e a concentra??o de 0,6 mg L-? de BAP. No cap?tulo 2, os experimentos foram instalados em ambiente de casa de sombra e de casa de vegeta??o utilizando quatro tipos de substratos, sendo: 1) 100% substrato comercial Bioplant?, 2) 70% de vermiculita de granulometria m?dia + 30% de fibra de coco, 3) 70% de vermiculita + 30% Bioplant?, e 4) 40% de vermiculita + 30% de fibra de coco + 30% de Bioplant?. Realizaram-se avalia??es aos 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias para verificar a emerg?ncia, o crescimento em altura e di?metro e a sobreviv?ncia das mudas. No final do experimento, foram obtidos o peso da mat?ria seca da xii parte a?rea, o peso de mat?ria seca de ra?zes, o peso de mat?ria seca total e a rela??o peso de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea e peso de mat?ria seca das ra?zes. Em casa de vegeta??o a emerg?ncia de Qualea multiflora obteve os maiores percentuais com o uso do substrato VB (70% de vermiculita + 30% de Bioplant ?). N?o ocorreu diferen?a no crescimento em altura entre as mudas que estavam em casa de vegeta??o e em casa de sombra. Para o ambiente casa de sombra, n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre as caracter?sticas de mat?ria seca analisadas, em fun??o dos substratos. Com os dados de sobreviv?ncia nos dois ambientes, conclui-se que a Qualea multiflora ? de dif?cil propaga??o em condi??es de viveiro, sendo necess?rios mais estudos para a produ??o de mudas da esp?cie.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.The study aimed to develop micropropagation procedures for the ?pau-terra-liso? species (Qualea multiflora Mart.) from seeds germinated in vitro and evaluate the emergency, the initial growth and survival of seedlings for different substrates and environments in arboretum conditions. In the first chapter, the Qualea multiflora seeds were subjected to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in different concentrations and immersion times for its introduction in vitro. The percentage of germination and contamination was evaluated. Using the best treatment of disinfestation experiment, it was installed another experiment to compare the different compositions of MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) on the ?pau-terra-liso? germination. It was evaluated the percentage of germination and normal seedlings. In the multiplication phase it was used two types of explants (nodal segments and cotyledon segment) taken from seedlings germinated in vitro which were inoculated in WPM culture. This one was supplemented with ?BAP? and ?ANA? in different concentrations. The stage was set for the initial culture and two subcultures. It was evaluated the shoot numbers per explant and the height of the larger shoot. It was found that the concentration of 5% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes immersion gave the best results of disinfestation and in vitro germination. It was observed that the type of culture environment and the concentration influence the germination and quality of seedlings of Qualea multiflora, so it is recommended a WPM environment with 100% salts and vitamins for this species. The best multiplication results were achieved using cotyledon explants and concentration of 0.6 mg L-? of BAP. In Chapter 2, the experiments were conducted in shade house and greenhouse environment using four types of substrates, as follows: 1) 100% commercial substrate Bioplant?, 2) 70% of average grain size of vermiculite + 30% coconut fiber, 3) 70% of vermiculite + 30% Bioplant?, and 4) 40% of vermiculite and 30% coconut fiber + 30% Bioplant?. Evaluations were performed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days to verify the emergence, growth in height and diameter and survival of seedlings. At the end of the experiment, it was obtained the dry matter weight of the aerial part, the dry matter weight of the roots, the entire dry matter weight and the relation between the weight of dry matter of aerial part and weight xiv of dry matter of the roots. In a greenhouse, the emergency Qualea multiflora obtained the highest percentages with the use of VB substrate (70% vermiculite and 30% of Bioplant ?). There was no difference in height growth among the seedlings that were in the greenhouse and in the shade house. To the environment shade house, there were no significant differences among the characteristics of the analyzed dry matter, according to the substrates. With the survival data in both environments, it is concluded that the Qualea multiflora is difficult to spread in arboretum conditions; further research is needed for the production of seedlings of the species