Alto dos Bois and indigenous in the Minas Gerais province, Brazil: civilization and progress in the ideas of the nineteenth century

?rea de Concentra??o: Ci?ncias Humanas. Linha de Pesquisa: Hist?ria, Cultura e Poder.Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T00:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) taciana_begalli_oliveira_ruellas.pdf: 1811546 bytes, checksum: d01cd8acc79c32d408bf37e14128716c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-18T14:54:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) taciana_begalli_oliveira_ruellas.pdf: 1811546 bytes, checksum: d01cd8acc79c32d408bf37e14128716c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T14:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) taciana_begalli_oliveira_ruellas.pdf: 1811546 bytes, checksum: d01cd8acc79c32d408bf37e14128716c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)RESUMO Este trabalho consiste em compreender as rela??es entre ?ndios e colonizadores em uma situa??o de avan?o para os sert?es de Minas Gerais. Durante o s?culo XIX, a conquista dos Sert?es do Leste de Minas foi pautada em um modelo civilizador por parte da administra??o ind?gena. A implementa??o desse modelo dialogou com o contexto da ?poca em que se visava pesquisar o estado de civiliza??o dos habitantes do sert?o, e que para a consolida??o da ideia de na??o homog?nea era necess?rio que esses povos fossem incorporados ? sociedade considerada civilizada. Nesse sentido, esta disserta??o pretende compreender a din?mica dos grupos ind?genas ao longo do processo de coloniza??o na zona do Mucuri, Jequitinhonha e adjac?ncias. Possui como foco principal uma regi?o que se configura enquanto espa?o de transi??o entre vales dos rios Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, regi?o denominada Alto dos Bois, hoje pertencente ao munic?pio de Angel?ndia, no Alto Jequitinhonha. Esta se caracterizou como aldeia e quartel militar ao longo do s?culo XIX, onde a fam?lia de Ant?nio Gomes Leal, diretor de ?ndios, aquartelou ind?genas falantes do Maxacali que, em fuga dos Botocudos, procuraram ref?gio na localidade. Almeja-se, assim, analisar de que maneira os ind?genas em Alto dos Bois puderam reconfigurar seus espa?os e pr?ticas socioculturais, reconstruir suas identidades e se inserir ao contexto posto. As fontes trabalhadas, sendo elas: correspond?ncias do primeiro diretor dos ?ndios da prov?ncia, Guido Marli?re, correspond?ncias da Diretoria Geral dos ?ndios, Relat?rios de Presidente de Prov?ncia e os relat?rios da Companhia do Mucuri, revelam a estrutura administrativa do indigenismo da Prov?ncia de Minas Gerais e a forma com que o modelo civilizador deveria ser realizado. Por outro lado, a situa??o ind?gena nos aldeamentos acompanhada, principalmente, atrav?s de relatos dos viajantes estrangeiros ilustrados, Saint-Hilaire, Johann Pohl e Spix e Martius, demonstra como esses povos adaptaram seu universo simb?lico e sociopol?tico ao novo contexto em que se inseriam. As tr?s narrativas, sendo elas a dos viajantes ilustrados, do indigenismo e da Companhia do Mucuri possuem um fio condutor: o da civiliza??o e do progresso. Demonstram, tamb?m, como as popula??es ind?genas deveriam ser vistas neste processo. A pesquisa se desenvolve com preocupa??o em demonstrar a contribui??o ind?gena no processo sociocultural da regi?o, j? que os vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri possuem grande concentra??o de etnias ind?genas. Assim, enfatiza-se o papel dos aldeamentos como espa?o de reconstru??o social, cultural e de identidades, se constituindo, ent?o, como espa?o de resist?ncia. Frente ?s adversidades do avan?o colonizador, Alto dos Bois foi visto como espa?o de sobreviv?ncia e de menores perdas. Resistir era tamb?m se abrir ao novo, assumindo s?mbolos e discursos dos n?o-?ndios quando conveniente. Identidade e cultura passaram a ser vistas, portanto, como constru??es relacionais, se atualizando na rela??o com o Outro, sem a conota??o de perda, mas sim de reelabora??es. Pelo vi?s de compreens?o de povos historicamente exclu?dos, por meio do di?logo entre a Antropologia e Hist?ria ressalta-se a import?ncia dos pap?is desempenhados pelos ?ndios nos processos hist?ricos, dando visibilidade a esses povos.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.ABSTRACT This work is to understand the relationship between Indians and settlers in a forward position for the backlands of Minas Gerais. During the nineteenth century, the conquest of the East in the Minas Gerais Province was based on a civilizing model by indigenous administration. The implementation of this model spoke with the context of the time in which it was intended to find the state of civilization of the inhabitants of the hinterland, and that for the consolidation of the homogeneous nation idea was necessary that these people were incorporated into the considered civilized society. In this sense, this work aims to understand the dynamics of indigenous groups over the colonization process in the area of Mucuri, Jequitinhonha and vicinity. Has focused primarily on a region that is configured as an area of transition between the river valleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, region called Alto dos Bois, today in the Angel?ndia city in Jequitinhonha river valley. This was characterized as village and military barracks throughout the nineteenth century, where Antonio Gomes Leal?s family harbored speakers of indigenous Maxacali that were fleeing Botocudo (other indigenous tribe), and they sought refuge in the town. So, this dissertation seek to analyze how the Indians in Alto dos Bois could reconfigure their spaces and cultural practices to reconstruct their identities and to enter the present context. The sources, which were: correspondence from the first director of the province's Indians, Guido Marli?re, the General Directorate of Indians correspondence, Province of President reports and the Mucuri Company reports reveal the administrative structure of the indigenous movement of the Province of Minas Gerais and the way the civilizing model should be performed. On the other hand, the indigenous situation in the villages observed through reports of the foreign travelers in the nineteen century: Saint-Hilaire, Johann Pohl and Spix and Martius, demonstrates how these people adapted their symbolic and socio-political universe to the new context in which it operated. The three narratives (the foreign travelers, the indigenous, and the Mucuri's Company) have a common thread: the civilization and the progress. It shows how as indigenous peoples should be seen in this process. The research develops with concern to demonstrate the indigenous contribution to the socio-cultural process in the region, since the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri have large concentration of indigenous groups. Thus, we emphasize the role of settlements as social reconstruction space, and cultural identities, constituting then as space of resistance. Faced with the imminent advance of the colonizer, Alto dos Bois was seen as a survival space and lower losses. Resist was also open to the new, assuming symbols and discourses of non-Indians when convenient. Identity and culture came to be seen as relational constructs, an updating in the relationship with the Other, with no loss of meaning, but of reworkings. From the perspective of understanding people historically excluded, through dialogue between Anthropology and History emphasize the importance of the roles played by the Indians in the historical processes, giving visibility to these people