(Phenology, reproductive biology, germination and initial development of the Cipocereus minensis subsp. leiocarpus N.P.Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae) in the plateau of Diamantina-MG).

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T19:01:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T19:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)(Fenologia, biologia reprodutiva, germina??o e desenvolvimento inicial de Cipocereus minensis subsp. leiocarpus N.P.Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae) no planalto de Diamantina-MG). No Brasil a fam?lia Cactaceae ? representada por 160 esp?cies, das quais 26% ocorrem em campos rupestres. Cipocereus minensis ? uma Cactaceae end?mica dos campos rupestres da por??o mineira da cadeia do Espinha?o. Neste estudo pretendeu-se avaliar os ritmos de produ??o de flores e frutos da esp?cie, sua biologia floral e reprodutiva, al?m de conhecer seus visitantes florais e prov?veis dispersores de sementes, numa ?rea de campo rupestre do planalto de Diamantina-MG. Foram realizados testes de germina??o de sementes e avaliado o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas em diferentes substratos. A esp?cie apresentou caracter?sticas florais como antese noturna, flores brancas, volume abundante de n?ctar e estruturas do perianto r?gidas que sugeriram poliniza??o por morcegos. No entanto, observou-se tamb?m a presen?a de polinizadores diurnos como beija-flores. O sistema reprodutivo de C. minensis ? alog?mico, auto-incompat?vel e os visitantes noturnos foram mais eficientes que os diurnos na forma??o de frutos. O padr?o fenol?gico de flora??o e frutifica??o ? subanual, com picos de flora??o no in?cio e meio da esta??o seca, em abril e julho, respectivamente. Um outro pico foi observado na esta??o ?mida, em novembro, com menor produ??o de flores, por?m com maior taxa de convers?o flor/fruto. C. minensis ? uma esp?cie bem adaptada ? sazonalidade clim?tica. Os frutos apresentaram diferen?as significativas com rela??o ? ?poca de coleta quanto ao comprimento, di?metro e peso, com maiores valores na esta??o ?mida. A m?dia do n?mero de sementes por fruto foi de 958,63 ? 369,35, o peso de 1000 sementes foi de 0,53 g e a m?dia do comprimento das sementes foi de 1,5 mm. As maiores taxas de germina??o foram obtidas ap?s nove e doze meses de armazenamento (75% e 72%, respectivamente), ou em frutos coletados no est?gio mais avan?ado de matura??o (72%). No crescimento inicial as plantas apresentaram maiores di?metros e alturas no substrato preparado na propor??o 1:1:1, composto de areia, solo vermelho e esterco de boi. O armazenamento favoreceu a germina??o, que tamb?m foi alta em frutos coletados em est?gios mais avan?ados de matura??o. Substratos com melhor drenagem e aera??o favoreceram um melhor desenvolvimento inicial de plantas dessa esp?cie. Estas informa??es dar?o subs?dios para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de conserva??o e manejo da esp?cie.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.ABSTRACT In Brazil the Cactaceae is represented by 160 species from which 26% occur on the rocky fields. Cipocereus minensis is an endemic Cactaceae from the rocky fields in the Minas Gerais? portion of the Espinha?o chain. In this research it was intended to evaluate the rhythms of flower and fruit production of the species, its floral and reproductive biology, and also know the floral visitors and the likely seed dispersers, in an area of the rocky fields of the Diamantina ? MG?s plateau. Seed germination tests have been performed and the initial plant growth on different substrates was analyzed. The species had floral traits such as nocturnal anthesis, white flowers, abundant volume of nectar and rigid perianth structures that suggested pollination by bats. However daily visitors as hummingbirds were also observed. The reproductive system of C. minensis is alogamic and self incompatible and the night visitors were more efficient than the daytime ones in the formation of fruits. The phenologic pattern of flowering and fruiting is sub-annual, with peak of flowering at the beginning and middle of the dry season, in april and july, respectively. Another peak was observed in the wet season in november, with lower production of flowers, but with a higher flower/fruit conversion rate . C. minensis is well adapted to the climatic seasonality. The fruits showed significant differences with respect to collection time for the length, diameter and weight, with higher measures in the wet season. The average number of seeds per fruit was 958.63 ? 369.35, the weight of 1000 seeds was 0.53 g and the mean length of the seeds was 1.5 mm. The highest germination rates were found after nine and twelve months of storage (75% and 72%, respectively) or in fruits collected with a more advanced stage of ripening (72%).In the initial growth the plants showed a higher diameter and height on the substrate prepared in the ratio 1:1:1, composed of sand, red soil and cow dung. The store promotes germination, but also in fruits collected in a more advanced stage of maturation. Substrates with better drainage and aeration favoring better initial development of this plant species. This information will provide subsidies for the development of strategies of conservation and management of the species