Efficiency of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of eucalyptus from clonal seedlings inoculated

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T17:32:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T17:33:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T17:33:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-05T17:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)A inocula??o de fungos ectomicorr?zicos em mudas podem aumentar a sustentabilidade dos plantios comerciais de eucalipto. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a efici?ncia da inocula??o em viveiro de mudas clonais de eucalipto de mic?lio vegetativo de fungos ectomicorr?zicos impregnados em gel de alginato sobre o crescimento das mudas em viveiro e ap?s o plantio no campo. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se a efici?ncia da inocula??o de mic?lio vegetativo de fungos ectomicorr?zicos impregnados em gel de alginato em viveiro comercial de mudas clonais de eucalipto. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo mudas dos clones GG100 e GG680 inoculadas com Pisolithus microcarpus, Hysterangium gardneri e Scleroderma areolatum e crescidas em substrato com redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada, mais os controles n?o-inoculados com (Controle) e sem (Comercial) redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada na produ??o das mudas. No segundo experimento, mudas produzidas no primeiro foram plantas em campo para avalia??o do crescimento e da coloniza??o durante um ano. A sobreviv?ncia das mudas no viveiro n?o foi influenciada pela inocula??o ou pela redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada. Aos 120 dias e em geral para os dois clones, a altura, di?metro do coleto, massa seca da parte a?rea, massa seca total e frequ?ncia de nota m?xima para forma??o do torr?o das ra?zes das mudas inoculadas com P. microcarpus foram maiores que as do Controle, e iguais ao Comercial. A porcentagem de pontas colonizadas foi baixa para todos os fungos e n?o apresentou rela??o com a promo??o do crescimento. A inocula??o ou redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada influenciou apenas os teores de Ca, Fe, Cu e Mn na parte a?rea das mudas, por?m os resultados n?o foram suficientes para explicar a promo??o do crescimento observado. No campo, sobreviv?ncia foi de 100 % apenas para as plantas inoculadas com P. microcarpus e para as plantas do Comercial, em ambos os clones. Aos dois meses as plantas inoculadas com P. microcarpus foram maiores que as demais inoculadas e as do Controle, e o di?metro do coleto das plantas inoculadas com H. gardneri e P. microcarpus foi igual as do Comercial. Aos quatro meses, as plantas inoculadas j? haviam se igualado com as do Comercial. As diferen?as na altura e di?metro desapareceram nas avalia??es aos seis e 12 meses de plantio. Os teores de clorofila foram maiores nas plantas do GG100. Aos seis meses a porcentagem de pontas colonizadas m?dias dos dois clones foi maior nas plantas inoculadas com S. areolatum, seguida daquelas inoculadas com P. microcarpus e das do Controle e aos 12 meses a porcentagem de pontas de ra?zes colonizadas foi semelhante em todos os tratamentos e foi, em m?dia, foi 4,3 vezes maior do que a observada aos seis meses. Os teores de P, Ca, Mg e Zn aos seis, e os teores de N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn e B aos 12 meses, foram influenciados apenas por clones. Os fungos ectomicorrizicos avaliados n?o foram eficientes em colonizar as mudas no viveiro. A inocula??o do mic?lio vegetativo do fungo P. microcarpus contribui para o crescimento de mudas com redu??o de aduba??o fosfatada em viveiro comercial. A efici?ncia do inoculante em promover benef?cios ? dependente do fungo veiculado. A baixa coloniza??o obtida na fase de viveiro e a origem dos fungos, diferente do local do experimento, ajudam a explicar a aus?ncia de benef?cios da inocula??o no campo. A coloniza??o ectomicorr?zica nas plantas de eucalipto ocorre naturalmente e aumenta na medida do estabelecimento da planta no campo.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014.ABSTRACT The inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedlings can increase the sustainability of the commercial eucalypt plantations. This study evaluated the efficiency of inoculation in nursery clonal seedlings with mycelium of ectomycorrhizal impregnated in alginate gel on the growth of seedlings in the nursery and after planting in the field. First experiment was conducted in a randomized block in a factorial 2 x 5, with eucalyptus clones GG100 and GG680 inoculated with Pisolithus microcarpus, Hysterangium gardneri and Scleroderma areolatum and grown in a substrate with reduction of phosphorus fertilization and controls non-inoculated with (Controle) and without (Comercial) reduction of phosphorus fertilization in the nursery. In the second experiment, seedlings produced in the previous experiment were planted in the field to assess growth and colonization for one year. The seedling survival was not influenced by inoculation or by the reduction of phosphorus fertilization. At 120 days and in general for the two clones, height, diameter, dry weight of shoots, total dry matter and frequency of maximum grades for formation of clod of the roots of seedlings inoculated with P. microcarpus were greater than those of the Controle, and equals to the Comercial. The percentage of colonized tips roots were low for all fungi and not associated with the growth promotion. The inoculation or reduction of phosphorus fertilization only influenced the levels of Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn in shoots of seedlings. The seedlings were planted in sandy soil previously cultivated with eucalyptus. The survival rate was 100% only for plants inoculated with P. microcarpus and the plants of the Comercial, in both clones. At two months the plants inoculated with P. microcarpus were larger than the other inoculated plants and of the Controle, and stem diameter of the plants inoculated with H. gardneri and P. microcarpus were equal to the Comercial. At four months, the inoculated plants were already equalized with of the Comercial. The differences in height and diameter disappeared at ages six and 12 months after planting. At six months, the average percentage of the two clones colonized tips was greater in plants inoculated with S. areolatum, followed by those inoculated with P. microcarpus and those of the Controle. At 12 months the percentage of root tips colonized was similar in all treatments and was on average was 4.3 times greater than that observed after six months. The ectomycorrhizal fungi evaluated were not efficient in colonizing the seedlings in the nursery. The inoculation of the vegetative mycelium of the fungus P. microcarpus contributes to the growth of seedlings with reduced phosphorus fertilization in the nursery commercial. The efficiency of the inoculant is dependent in promote the benefits conveyed fungus. Inoculation of seedlings in the nursery did not promote further growth in the field after planting. The low colonization obtained in the nursery and the origin of the fungi, different from the experimental site, help to explain the lack of benefits of inoculation in the field. The ectomycorrhizal colonization occurs naturally in eucalypt plants and increases according the establishment of the plant in the field