The influence of general anesthesia on the accurrence of dementia

Demenca postaja vedno večja zdravstvena in družbena problematika po svetu. Obolelih za demenco je vedno več, glavni vzrok za njen nastanek pa še ni odkrit. Namen zaključnega dela je raziskati tveganje za pojav demence po splošni anesteziji. Metode: Izvedeni so bili sistematični pregled, analiza in sinteza literature, ki se je nanašala na povezavo med splošno anestezijo in demenco. Pregledana je bila literatura z obravnavnega področja in izvedena je bila analiza pridobljenih virov glede na ustreznost zastavljene iskalne strategije. Izbrani članki so bili analizirani, rezultati pa prikazani v skupni tabeli z ugotovljenimi značilnostmi. Vsaka študija je bila razvrščena po hierarhiji dokazov in ocenjena po kakovosti. S pomočjo tematske analize so bile na koncu sintetizirane ugotovitve. Rezultati: Po pregledu šestih identificiranih študij je bila glavna kategorija, poimenovana »tveganje za pojav demence po splošni anesteziji«, razdeljena v več podkategorij. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je tveganje za pojav demence po splošni anesteziji odvisno od vrste anestetika, vrste demence, demografskih značilnosti, pridruženih bolezni ali poškodb, števila izpostavljenosti splošni anesteziji, vrste operacije, trajanja splošne anestezije in posledic splošne anestezije, ki niso zanesljivo povezane z demenco, vendar nanjo vplivajo. Razprava in sklep: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da splošna anestezija vpliva na pojav demence in da se tveganje za ta pojav veča. Natančnega vzroka za to dogajanje nismo ugotovili, saj na to vpliva več dejavnikov. Nadaljnje raziskave na to temo se nam zdijo pomembne, saj natančen vzrok za pojav demence postaja vedno večji zdravstveni problem.Dementia is a growing health and social problem around the world. There are more and more people with dementia, and the main cause has not yet been discovered. The purpose of the research is to investigate the risk of dementia after general anesthesia. Methods: We performed a systematic review, analysis, and synthesis of the literature related to the association between general anesthesia and dementia. We reviewed the literature and made an analysis of the obtained sources, according to the relevance of the set search strategy. The articles were analyzed and presented in a common table with characteristics. Each study was ranked according to a hierarchy of evidence and evaluated for quality. Using thematic analysis, we synthesized findings. Results: We identified six studies and found that main category “Risk of developing dementia under general anesthesia” was divided into several subcategories. The risk of dementia after general anesthesia depends on the type of anesthetic, type of dementia, demographic characteristics, associated disease or injury, number of general anesthesia exposures, type of surgery, duration of general anesthesia, and non-dementia-related consequences of general anesthesia. Discussion and conclusion: We found that general anesthesia affects the occurrence of dementia and that the risk increases. We have not determined the exact cause of this happening. Further research on this topic seems important to us, as the exact cause of dementia is becoming an increasing health problem.