Competences of kindergarten educators to identify victims of psychological abuse among preschool children

Diplomska naloga z naslovom Kompetence strokovnih delavcev vrtca za prepoznavanje žrtev psihičnega nasilja med predšolskimi otroki je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. V teoretičnem delu smo pojasnili oblike nasilja, podrobneje pa smo opredelili psihično in medvrstniško nasilje ter nasilje med odraslim in otrokom. Dotaknili smo se tudi vzrokov in posledic nasilja ter kompetenc za prepoznavanje in soočanje s psihičnim nasiljem, ki bi jih strokovni delavci morali imeti. V empiričnim delu smo predstavili rezultate raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli z anketiranjem. Anketni vprašalnik je izpolnilo 143 strokovnih delavcev vrtca. Dobljene rezultate smo natančno analizirali, pri čemer smo si pomagali s programom SPSS. Naš namen je bil, da na podlagi zastavljenih hipotez preučimo kompetence anketirancev ob zaznavi (psihičnega) nasilja nad otrokom glede na njihovo delovno mesto in delovno dobo. Preučiti smo želeli tudi pogostost psihičnega nasilja glede na starost in spol otroka ter ugotavljati, kdo izvaja to obliko nasilja. Ugotovili smo, da je najpogostejša oblika nasilja v vrtcu psihično nasilje. Ta oblika nasilja terja veliko žrtev, predvsem dečke. Psihično nasilje v največji meri izvajajo starši. Vrtci bi morali imeti organizirane različne preventivne programe za preprečevanje nasilja v vrtcih, a se v praksi to ne pojavlja povsod. Anketa je pokazala, da imajo vzgojitelji in njihovi pomočniki z 20-letno delovno dobo več izkušenj s psihičnim nasiljem kot svetovalni delavci z enako let delovne dobe. V sklepu diplomske naloge smo podrobneje ovrednotili hipoteze in jih obrazložili.The diploma thesis entitled Competences of kindergarten educators to identify victims of psychological abuse among preschool children consists of theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part, the different forms of violence are outlined, with detailed emphasis on psychological and peer violence and violence between adults and children. We also touched on the causes and consequences of abuse and the competencies for recognizing and dealing with psychological abuse that professionals should possess. In the empirical part, the results of a survey conducted with a questionnaire are presented. The survey questionnaire was completed by 143 kindergarten staff and the obtained results were carefully analysed with the help of the SPSS program. The aim of this study was to determine the competences of the respondents on the basis of the set hypotheses when perceiving (psychological) abuse against a child in relation to the workplace and length of service. We also wanted to examine the frequency of psychological abuse according to the age and gender of the child and to determine who the perpetrator of this form of violence is. The analysis revealed that the most common form of abuse in kindergarten children is psychological. This form of abuse claims many victims, especially boys and is mostly perpetrated by parents. Kindergartens should have various prevention programs organized to prevent violence in kindergartens, yet in practice this does not occur everywhere. The survey found that educators and their assistants with 20 years of service possess greater experience with psychological violence than counselors with the same years of service. In the conclusion of the diploma thesis, the hypotheses were evaluated and explained in more detail