Quantitative diffusive wave spectroscopy in tissues

High frequency, intensity-modulated light waves are attenuated and phase-shifted by the absorption and scattering properties of highly scattering media, such as tissue. The simultaneous measurement of the average light intensity, modulation amplitude, and phase-shift at a fixed distance from a sinusoidally modulated light source, permits a quantitative determination of the absolute values of the absorption and scattering coefficients from a frequency-domain scan. Our studies have established the range of modulation frequencies that give the highest sensitivity to changes of the optical parameters in model systems. We have measured the optical absorption spectra of dyes suspended in highly scattering media. These spectra match those found in non-scattering media. This frequency-domain approach provides a simple method to perform quantitative spectroscopy in highly scattering media