Casimir interaction between two magnetic metals in comparison with nonmagnetic test bodies

We present the complete results for the dynamic experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between magnetic (Ni-coated) surfaces of a plate and a sphere. Special attention is paid to the description of some details of the setup, its calibration, error analysis, and background effects. Computations are performed in the framework of the Lifshitz theory at nonzero temperature with an account of analytic corrections to the proximity force approximation and of surface roughness using both the Drude and the plasma model approaches. The theory of magnetic interaction between a sphere and a plate due to domain structure of their surfaces is developed for both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetizations in the absence and in the presence of spontaneous magnetization. It is shown that in all cases the magnetic contribution to the measured force gradients is much smaller than the total experimental error. The comparison between experiment and theory is done using the rigorous statistical method. It is shown that the theoretical approach taking into account dissipation of free electrons is excluded by the data at a 95% confidence level. The approach neglecting dissipation is confirmed by the data at more than 90% confidence level. We prove that the results of experiments with Ni-Ni, Ni-Au, and Au-Au surfaces taken together cannot be reconciled with the approach including free electrons dissipation by the introduction of any unaccounted background force, either attractive or repulsive. © 2013 American Physical Society