An Autonomous Monolithic Wearable System for Diurnal Sweat Biomarker Data Acquisition and Analysis

To track dynamically varying and physiologically relevant biomarker profiles in sweat, autonomous wearable platforms are required to periodically sample and analyze sweat with minimal user intervention. Previously reported sweat sensors are functionally limited to capturing biomarker information at one time-point/period, thereby necessitating repeated user intervention to increase the temporal granularity of biomarker data. Accordingly, we present a multi-compartment wearable system, where each compartment can be activated to autonomously induce/modulate sweat secretion (iontophoretically) and analyze sweat at set timepoints. This system was developed following a hybrid-flex design— vertically integrating the required functional modules: miniaturized iontophoresis interfaces, adhesive thin film microfluidic-sensing module, and control/readout electronics. The system was deployed in a human subject study to track the diurnal variation of sweat glucose levels in relation to the daily food intake. The demonstrated autonomous operation for diurnal sweat biomarker data acquisition illustrates the system’s suitability for large-scale and longitudinal personal health monitoring applications