The ability to control the degree and spatial distribution of cooling in biological tissues during a thermally mediated therapeutic procedure would be useful for several biomedical applications of lasers. We present a theory based on the solution of the heat conduction equation that demonstrates the feasibility of selectively cooling biological tissues. Model predictions are compared with infrared thermal measurements of in vivo human skin in response to cooling by a cryogen spurt. The presence of a boundary layer, undergoing a liquid-vapour phase transition, is associated with a relatively large thermal convection coefficient (approximately 40 kW m-2 K-1), which gives rise to the observed surface temperature reductions (30-40 degrees C). T...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Pulsed laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) can induce selective vascul...
The ability to control the degree and spatial distribution of cooling in biological tissues during a...
The ability to control the degree and spatial distribution of cooling in biological tissues during a...
textLaser applications in dermatology typically involve heating of a subsurface target, such as a b...
textLaser applications in dermatology typically involve heating of a subsurface target, such as a b...
Surface cooling, in conjunction with various thermally mediated therapeutic procedures, can provide ...
Surface cooling, in conjunction with various thermally mediated therapeutic procedures, can provide ...
The present research investigates the relationship between surface heat transfer from human skin and...
Knowledge of heat transfer in biological bodies has many therapeutic applications involving either r...
Knowledge of heat transfer in biological bodies has many therapeutic applications involving either r...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Pulsed laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) can induce selective vascul...
The ability to control the degree and spatial distribution of cooling in biological tissues during a...
The ability to control the degree and spatial distribution of cooling in biological tissues during a...
textLaser applications in dermatology typically involve heating of a subsurface target, such as a b...
textLaser applications in dermatology typically involve heating of a subsurface target, such as a b...
Surface cooling, in conjunction with various thermally mediated therapeutic procedures, can provide ...
Surface cooling, in conjunction with various thermally mediated therapeutic procedures, can provide ...
The present research investigates the relationship between surface heat transfer from human skin and...
Knowledge of heat transfer in biological bodies has many therapeutic applications involving either r...
Knowledge of heat transfer in biological bodies has many therapeutic applications involving either r...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Successful laser treatment of selected dermatoses such as hemangiomas requires thermally induced dam...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal da...
Pulsed laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) can induce selective vascul...