Parsimonious powertrain modeling for environmental vehicle assessments: part 1—internal combustion vehicles

Abstract Purpose Environmental assessments of efforts to reduce vehicle fuel consumption require scientifically sound and robust fuel consumption models. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel method and model for calculating fuel consumption. Method This paper presents a method of powertrain modeling that is based on driving and powertrain physics, such as a net force approach to calculate force demand at the tire patch, and the use of engine maps to model engine efficiency. Results The presented method provides parsimonious open-source powertrain modeling to the environmental assessment community, thus an alternative to existing approaches. The modeling results are in agreement with existing values, while the modeling method is more flexible and avoids unnecessary approximations. Conclusions Existing fuel consumption modeling consists of very detailed and complex powertrain simulation models, typically not available for environmental vehicle assessments, or streamlined equation-based methods that use a mix of physical laws, engineering approximations, and sometimes accounting principles. The presented modeling method and open-source model provide a valuable alternative