Qualitative Reports of How and When Therapists Adapt Children’s Evidence-Based Practices during Community Implementation

This study analyzed qualitative therapist reports of adaptations to the delivery of multiple evidence-based practices (EBPs) within the context of a system-driven reform of children's community mental health services to understand how therapists adapt EBPs as well as contexts of these adaptations to identify when these adaptations are made. The study sought to complement and expand upon previous quantitative survey findings of two categories of Augmenting and Reducing/Reordering adaptations to EBPs. Data included interviews from 60 therapists (88.3% female, 61.7% Latina/o, 80.0% unlicensed) across 20 program sites in 11 mental health agencies that served racial/ethnically diverse children. Interviews were coded to identify themes surrounding the types of adaptations made and the contexts for these adaptations. The majority of therapists' qualitative descriptions of adaptations converged with the 2 broad categories in the Augmenting and Reducing/Reordering Framework, with therapists describing augmenting (e.g., modifying presentation, lengthening or extending pacing) most often, and reducing/reordering adaptations were discussed less frequently. Child and family characteristics were most frequently cited as indications prompting adaptations; however, the specific characteristics motivating adaptations differed by type. Therapists reporting using augmenting adaptations in the context of a wide range of client characteristics, whereas reducing/reordering adaptations occurred more specifically as a function of clinical presentation, family and caregiver functioning, and emergent life events. Therapists described making adaptations to improve the fit of multiple EBPs for the clients they served. Findings could have implications for implementation efforts with diverse clients served in community settings