Making it Through the Maze: The Triumphs and Trials of Women of Color Administrative Leaders at Two Historically White Universities in California

ABSTRACTMaking it Through the Maze: The Triumphs and Trials of Women of Color Administrative Leaders at Two Historically White Universities in CaliforniabyClare Johnson WashingtonThe problems being addressed in this study addresses the lack of voice about the unique leadership experiences of women of color mid-level, senior- and executive-level administrators at two different historically White universities in California. It illuminates the unique challenges that these women must endure, as they negotiate a system deeply entrenched in a dominant ideology. Simultaneously, the study highlights how these women perceived and experienced leadership within their administrative roles. The purpose of this qualitative research, guided by critical race theory, was to investigate the experiences of midlevel, senior and executive-level women of color administrators at the two different historically White institutions and to understand the strategies for success that led to their advancement in the positions they currently hold. Participants included African American/Black, Latina, and Native American women. The twelve participants interviewed recounted experiences of tokenism, perceptions of communication styles, and inequitable compensation. They also reported support systems such as mentors, giving back, and spirituality that influenced their thoughts, actions, reactions, decisions, and motivation to continue in their positions, and in higher education. The implications of the study encourage institutions to provide funding, personnel resources, and training for all employees to address unconscious bias as well as encouraging and support systems. Current women of color administrators should be encouraged to discuss their professional experiences to continue informing scholarship and practice