Positioning architecture in 5G NR

5G NR (New Radio) is the fifth generation of mobile networks. This new technology is not only bound to serve as cellular network devices, but also interconnect and control machines, objects, and other devices. It improves the level of performance and efficiency. 5G technology comes after previous generations of mobile networks such as 1G(GPRS), 2G(GSM), 3G(UMTS), 4G(LTE). 5G technology uses spectrum in sub 6 GHz bands, as already done by previous mobile network generations, and millimeter wave bands (24-86 GHz). 5G NR utilizes the millimeter waves spectrum which older generations were unable to operate in. Thus, it is much more efficient in transferring data. 5G utilizes a more intelligent architecture than its predecessors, with Radio Access Networks which is known as RAN and is not limited by base station proximity or complicated infrastructure. NG-RAN is the most recent radio access network for 5G. NG-RAN supplies radio access for both NR and LTE. NG-RAN node is either gNB or ng-eNB which provides NR user plane for gNB in 5G and LTE service toward the UE in LTE. The aim of this document is to present an overview of positioning in 5G NR. For this purpose, this document is divided into 6 chapters. After the introduction in chapter 1, an introduction of network architecture and elements of 5G network involved for positioning is presented in chapter 2. Chapter 3 then focuses on protocols involved for positioning and chapter 4 presents some of positioning methods in 5G. the positioning procedures and data transferred between LMF, UE and NG-RAN are presented in chapter 5. The final chapter then mentions some of the security aspects of 5G network