Bewertung lokaler Energiemärkte

The decentralization of the energy system requires new coordination concepts for the efficient integration of distributed energy resources (DER). Local energy markets(LEM) represent one option for coordination, which expected added value is threefold. First, local trading, as a driver for a more active participation, is expected to increase the support of end users and prosumers for the energy transition (local support increase). Second, LEM comprise economic incentives for a local allocation of renewable energy resources, which in turn could lead to an increased endconsumer investments in DER (economic incentives). Third, LEMs can help relief congested overlaying grid levels by causing less grid congestions from the underlying grid levels (system-oriented support). In order to determine the potential added value of LEM, holistic methods are needed that enable a quantification of the LEM’s impact that suitably considers different LEM design options. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop an operational scheduling method for distributed energy systems and use it to obtain a comparative assessment of the LEM’s added value for different design options and participatns’ structures. The design options differ with respect to the chosen bidding procedure as well as the characteristics of the subsidy and levy system. The participants of the local markets in turn differ with respect to their technological portfolio as well as their energy price structures and multimodal energy demand characteristics. The developed method is divided into two steps. First, the individual bids of the participants are determined using a linear optimization model. Then, the matching of the bids at the local market is determined. The method optimizes the social welfare of the local market and provides the resulting DER schedules, marketing decisions and individual profit margins of the market participants. An exemplary application of the method for 12 regions in Germany yields a representative assessment of the LEM’s added value for a future energy scenario in Germany. With regard to local support, an increase in liquidity (share of energy traded locally compared to total generation or demand in the LEM area) of up to 17 percentage points on average can be determined. The evaluation of the criterion “economic incentives” shows an increase of the social welfare (additional profits and saved costs of the LEM participants) of up to 1.