Part 2: COVID-19 and knowledge for midwifery practice-impact and care of the baby

It is well-known that newborn infants are more susceptible to infection due to their immature host defence mechanisms. However, in relation to the COVID-19 virus, it appears that the naivete of the neonatal immune system has afforded some protection against the inflammatory response experienced by adolescents and adults.That said, COVID-19 and the associated changes in practice and policies implemented in response to the pandemic, has had an impact on the care of the baby during the perinatal and neonatal period.This article is the second in a two-part series focusing on important care issues relating to the newborn baby specifically, taken from an integrative review of current literature within the maternal and neonatal field.This paper analyses the emerging themes from selected literature to add to a developing body of knowledge; namely, physiological differences between the newborn baby and adult, neonatal management including, preterm labour and delivery, newborn resuscitation, investigations, care of the newborn, the importance of human milk and breastfeeding, and the implications of COVID-19 restrictions. Finally, an overview of the World Health Organization guidance will be outlined for a global view and summary