Development and Characterization of Ulvan Polysaccharides-Based Hydrogel Films for Potential Wound Dressing Applications

Evi Sulastri,1,2 Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair,2 Ronny Lesmana,3 Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed,4 Nasrul Wathoni1 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, 94119, Indonesia; 3Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, EgyptCorrespondence: Nasrul WathoniDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaTel +622 842 888888 3510Fax +622 842 888888Email nasrul@unpad.ac.idBackground: Ulvan is a natural polymer and type of sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweed that could have potential as a candidate for wound dressing material based on the support of its biopolymer characteristics such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Objective: In this study, we developed and prepared three different hydrogel films to explore the potency of ulvan for wound dressing application.Methods: Ulvan hydrogel films were prepared by the facile method through ionic crosslinking with boric acid and added glycerol as a plasticizer. The films were evaluated in regard to swelling degree, water vapor transmission (WVTR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder x-ray diffractometry (P-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity.Results: The hydrogel films showed that the different concentration of ulvan in the formula affects the characteristics of the hydrogel film. The higher the concentration of ulvan in UHF, the higher the value of viscosity (201± 13.45 to 689± 62.23 cps for UHF5 to UHF10), swelling degree (82% to 130% for UHF5 to UHF10 at 1 h), moisture content (24%± 1.94% to 18.4%± 0.51 for UHF5 to UHF10), and the WVTR were obtained in the range 1856– 2590g/m2/24h. Meanwhile, the SEM showed porous hydrogel film. Besides, all hydrogel films can reduce hydroxyl radicals and inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus epidermidis).Conclusion: The swelling behavior and WVTR of these films are great and could have potential as a wound dressing biomaterial, supported by their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Keywords: ulvan, hydrogel films, wound dressing, antioxidant, antimicrobia