Microorganisms - biohydrogeological indicators of select mineral water occurrences in Serbia

Sa namerom definisanja hidrogeološke uloge i značaja mikrobiološkog diverziteta odabranih pojava mineralnih voda Srbije, primenom sistema biodetektora, dokazano je prisustvo gvožđevitih, sulfato-redukujućih, sluz-produkujućih, heterotrofnih aerobnih i denitrifikacionih bakterija, na osnovu čega je proračunat rizik od razvoja procesa biokorozije i biohemijske inkrustacije, te zdravstveni rizik. Uz procenu rizika, izvedene su analize skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije biofilmova i hidrogeohemijsko modeliranje, te makroskopska, otpička i difrakciona ispitivanja naslaga inkrustacije, dok je fizičko-hemijskim analizama utvrđena vrednost ukupne mineralizacije iznad 1 g/L, kao i povišeni sadržaji odgovarajućih metala i nemetala. Metabarkoding analizama mikrobioma mineralnih voda dokazano je prisustvo razdela Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria, Chlorflexi, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes i Acidobacteria u većem procentu. Pseudomonas, Limnobacter i Rheinheimera su bili najzastupljeniji rodovi u uzorku mineralnih voda Torde, Acinetobacter i Massilia u uzorku iz Obrenovačke Banje, Maritimimonas, Phreatobacter, Planktosalinus, Acinetobacter, Geminocystis i Sulfuritalea u uzorku iz Lomnice, Pseudorhodobacter i Limnohabitans u mineralnim vodama Velike Vrbnice, dok su u uzorku iz Slankamen Banje dominirale zelene sumporne bakterije, Methylotenera, Flavobacterium, Melioribacter i Dechloromonas. Realizovanim istraživanjima zaključeno je da odgovarajući predstavnici mikroorganizama utiču na starenje bunara i definišu ekološki status vodnih resursa, dok s druge strane pojedini rodovi poseduju biotehnološki potencijal u tretmanu remedijacije kontaminiranih voda, zbog čega postoji neophodnost implementacije biohidrogeologije u okviru standardne metodike hidrogeoloških istraživanja.The presence of iron related, sulphate reducing, slime producing, heterotrophic aerobic and denitrifying bacteria was proved applying biodetectors, in order to define the hydrogeological role and importance of the microbiological diversity of select occurrences of mineral waters in Serbia. Then the biocorrosion, biochemical encrustation and health risks were assessed. The research included scanning electron microscopy of biofilms, hydrogeochemical modelling and macroscopic, optical and diffraction examination of the encrustations. Physical and chemical analyses indicated total dissolved salts of more than 1 g/L and elevated concentrations of certain metals and non-metals. Metabarcoding of the microbiomes of the mineral waters revealed the presence of a high percentage of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria, Chlorflexi, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Acidobacteria divisions. Pseudomonas, Limnobacter and Rheinheimera were the most representative genera in the mineral water sample from Torda, Acinetobacter and Massilia in the sample collected in Obrenovačka Banja, Maritimimonas, Phreatobacter, Planktosalinus, Acinetobacter, Geminocystis and Sulfuritalea in the sample from Lomnica, and Pseudorhodobacter and Limnohabitans in the sample from Velika Vrbnica, while in the sample from Slankamen Banja was dominated by green sulphur bacteria, Methylotenera, Flavobacterium, Melioribacter and Dechloromonas. The research concludes that the respective microorganisms cause water well aging and define the ecological status of the water resources, while, on the other hand, some of the genera possess the biotechnological potential for treating and remediating contaminated waters, which is a compelling reason for implementing biohydrogeology in the standard hydrogeological research methodolog