Finish hard turning: A review of minimum quantity lubrication using paraffin-based nanofluids

A wide range of cooling techniques for hard turning machining continues to be proposed and assessed. In this review, the overall characteristics of cutting tools and stainless steel materials were reviewed in terms of vibration, surface roughness, cutting force, and tool life while using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with paraffin-based nanofluids. Nanoparticles are particularly appealing in MQL due to its remarkable improvement in the cutting conditions. Under aggressive machining conditions, the lubricant media tends to evaporate or disintegrate when in contact with the cutting tool. With the addition of high thermal conductivity nanoparticle additives as cutting fluid, the performance of the MQL technique has improved remarkably. This review exposed that a few work has used MQL with nanofluid when machining martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 using TiAlN-coated carbide cutting tool. Furthermore, the application of MQL via paraffin oil, ?-Fe2O3, and xGnP nanofluid when machining hardened stainless steel using coated carbide cutting tools has not yet been examined