A comparison of cognitive group therapy to life review group therapy with older adults.

The study compared cognitive group therapy to life review group therapy with older adults who reside in a personal care facility. The study sought to find if there were differences in treatment gains between the two therapies based on subjects\u27 level of depression (as noted on the Beck Depression Inventory) and life satisfaction (as cited on the Salamon-Conte Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale). Subjects were pre-tested, post-tested and administered a follow-up test 6 weeks after the post-test. An analysis of covariance was conducted, using the pre-test as the baseline measure (covariate). At post-test, subjects assigned to a treatment group also completed a Therapist Assessment Rating to determine if outcome differences were significantly influenced by the therapist or if there was a therapist by treatment interaction. Forty-eight residents were accepted into the study following a screening for dementia and speech and/or hearing problems. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups or a control group. Two masters level counselors, with a similar background and training, each provided a life review and cognitive therapy program on alternate days. A standardized, 8 session (one and a half hour per session), group life review and group cognitive therapy program was offered to 40 residents, 10 residents per group. A standard control group with 8 residents was employed. The results of the study showed that at the follow-up assessments (6 weeks after treatment ended), subjects in treatment groups had an increased feeling of purpose and usefulness in their life, p =.04. The study also provided insight into several crucial factors and dynamics related to group therapy with older adults in residential settings. Some of the issues discussed are: multiple psychosocial factors within the residential setting affecting residents and treatment; the length of time in treatment; subjects\u27 varying cognitive abilities and psychosocial needs within groups; the need for multiple dependent measures; issues of denial and boundaries. Suggestions for future research in group therapy with older adults and a recommended protocol are provided