El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system
(ENSO) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that involves the fluctuation of the tropical Pacifi...
Every few years the tropical Pacific warms abnormally in association with a relaxation of the trade ...
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the ...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Nino events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific...
The connection between El Nino and climate is not restricted merely to the region directly touched b...
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the ...
© 2021, Springer Nature Limited.Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillat...
(ENSO) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that involves the fluctuation of the tropical Pacifi...
Every few years the tropical Pacific warms abnormally in association with a relaxation of the trade ...
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the ...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Nino events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of e...
events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific...
The connection between El Nino and climate is not restricted merely to the region directly touched b...
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the ...
© 2021, Springer Nature Limited.Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillat...
(ENSO) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that involves the fluctuation of the tropical Pacifi...
Every few years the tropical Pacific warms abnormally in association with a relaxation of the trade ...
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the ...