The stress response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): identification and functional characterization of the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) paralogs

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) is one of the main mediators of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Interrenal (HPI) axis to stress response. In Atlantic salmon, a comparative understanding of the crf1 paralogs role in the stress response is still incomplete. Our database searches have identified four crf1 genes in Atlantic salmon, named crf1a1, crf1a2, crf1b1 and crf1b2. Brain distribution analysis revealed that the four crf1 paralogs were widely distributed, and particularly abundant in the telencephalon, midbrain, and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon post-smolts. To increase the knowledge on crf1-mediated response to stress, Atlantic salmon post-smolts were exposed to either repeated chasing, hypoxia or a combination of chasing and hypoxia for eight days, followed by a novel-acute stressor, confinement. Cortisol, glucose, lactate, and creatinine levels were used as markers for the stress response.publishedVersio