Sulfated magnesium zirconate catalyzed synthesis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity of benzo[d]thiazole-hydrazone analogues and its molecular docking

A comprehensive demonstration of novel catalytic synthetic pathway using sulfated zirconia (solid acid catalyst) to generate a library of bioactive compounds precisely, the benzo[d]thiazole-hydrazone derivatives (4a-n). The compounds are characterized using ubiquitous spectroscopic techniques such as, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, HR-Mass. The set of molecules are screened in vitro biological activities namely, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer which are aptly supported by the molecular docking studies. Among the compounds, 4a and 4e are observed to be the most potent antibacterial agents where as 4a and 4c displayed significant antifungal activity. On the contrary, compounds 4e and 4j showed good antioxidant properties and 4b and 4j exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. The compound 4d found to be a potent anti-cancer agent against tested human cancer cell lines MIAPaca2, HeLa, A549, and HCT116 (IC50 values of 19.09 ± 0.50, 19.93 ± 0.25, 7.76 ± 0.50, and 5.05 ± 0.25 μM respectively). Molecular docking studies were performed using DNA Gyrase, N-myristoyltransferase, COX-2, EGFR, HER2, and VEGFR2 proteins. Notably, compound 4d strongly binds to receptors EGFR and HER2 as inferred by their binding energies compared to standard inhibitors Gefitinib (EFGR), Lapatinib (EGFR), Afatinib (HER2), and Canertinib (HER2)