Thrombolysis and mechanical trombectomy as methods of treatment of ischemic stroke

Moždani udar je akutno neurološko stanje koje nastaje zbog prekida dovoda krvi i hranjivih tvari u mozak, zbog čega živčane stanice ubrzo odumiru, ili do njega dolazi zbog puknuća krvne žile mozga različitih uzroka, koje dovodi do izlijevanja krvi u okolno tkivo. Moždani udar dijeli se na hemoragijski i na ishemijski moždani udar. U većini slučajeva moždanom udaru prethodi TIA (tranzitorna ishemički napad). Čimbenici nastanka mogu biti genetska predispozicija ili nezdravi načini života. Dijagnostika bolesti provodi se putem MR ili CT. Simptomi moždanog udara mogu biti glavobolje, boli ili povišene tjelesne temperature. Važno je doći u bolnicu čim nastupe simptomi moždanog udara. Tromboliza se može primijeniti unutar 3 do 4,5 sata, a mehanička trombektomija unutar 6 sati od početka simptoma moždanog udara. Učinkovitost je veća ako se ranije primjene. Ishemijski moždani udar nastaje zbog začepljenja krvne žile u mozgu odnosno zbog ugruška. Kod ishemijskog moždanog udara liječenje uključuje lijekove za razbijanje ugrušaka (tromboliza) i lijekove koji sprječavaju krv da stvara ugruške. Mehanička trombektomija je liječenje kojim se uklanja ugrušak endovaskularnim putem, odnosno ulaskom u krvnu žilu posebnim kateterima pomoću kojih se uklanja ugrušak. Moždani udar predstavlja hitno stanje, te je zbog toga brzina zaprimanja, obrade i liječenja pacijenta vrlo bitna. Najveći dio vremena medicinska sestra/tehničar provodi u zdravstvenoj njezi, podjeli terapije, omogućavanju pravilne prehrane i higijene, te u edukaciji bolesnika i njegove obitelji. Medicinska sestra/tehničar zauzima veliku ulogu u prevenciji, liječenju i rehabilitaciji osoba s ishemijskim moždanim udarom. Ravnopravni su član multidisciplinarnog tima. Stalnim napredovanjem i edukacijom medicinska sestra osigurava profesionalnost i kompetenciju kod liječenja bolesnika s ishemijskim moždanim udarom.Stroke is an acute neurological condition caused by an interruption in the supply of blood and nutrients to the brain, causing nerve cells to die soon, or due to a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain of various causes, leading to blood spillage into surrounding tissue. Stroke is divided into hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In most cases, a stroke is preceded by a TIA (transient ischemic attack). Factors can be a genetic predisposition or unhealthy lifestyles. Diagnosis of the disease is performed by MR or CT. Symptoms of a stroke can be headaches, pain, or fever. It is important to get to the hospital as soon as the symptoms of a stroke occur. Thrombolysis can be administered within 3 to 4.5 hours and mechanical thrombectomy within 6 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms. Efficacy is higher if applied earlier. Ischemic stroke occurs due to blockage of a blood vessel in the brain or due to a clot. In ischemic stroke, treatment includes drugs to break clots (thrombolysis) and drugs that prevent the blood from forming clots. Mechanical thrombectomy is a treatment that removes a clot endovascularly, ie by entering the blood vessel with special catheters that are used to remove the clot. Stroke is an emergency, and therefore the speed of receiving, processing and treating the patient is very important. The nurse / technician spends most of her time in health care, sharing therapy, providing proper nutrition and hygiene, and educating the patient and his family. The nurse / technician plays a major role in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of people with ischemic stroke. They are equal members of a multidisciplinary team. Through continuous advancement and education, the nurse ensures professionalism and competence in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke