Arbaces’ epic, the Median history of Ctesias until Niniveh’ fall (Diod. Sic. II 1, 21 and 23-28), and Herodotus’ Mêdikos Logos (I 95-105) are two legends used by the Medes to explain their victory over Assyria in 612 B.C. The actual course of events is changed in them by themes (i.e. the conquest of kingship in the epic, the succession of empires in the logos), which give the historical dimension and the explanation of the victory : the Median kingship, which fights for arta, had to wrest the dominion over Upper Asia from the Assyrians. If they give little information about the Medes’ past, these legends are of great import in order to understand their conception of kingship.L’épopée d’Arbacès, c’est-à-dire l’histoire mède de Ctésias jusqu’...