RECENT ADVANCES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: CAUSES AND TREATMENT

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a destructive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory defeat and impairment in behavior, language, and visuospatial skills. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy, depression, aggression, agitation, sleep disruption, and psychosis are now recognized as core symptoms of AD that are expressed to varying degrees throughout the course of disease. The neuro pathological features of AD comprise extracellular senile plaques constituted of β-amyloid (Aβ) pledges, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and cerebral atrophy; others include apolipoprotein E, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cholinergic hypothesis. Anti-amyloid therapy is available for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, others are anticholinergic therapy, and therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction, γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) and modulators (GSM), ð›½-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors, Glial modulating drugs includes RAGE receptor antagonists, TNF-α antagonists, neuroprotective drugs such as antioxidants, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, PPARγ agonists, and anti-tau or tau modulators like microtubule stabilizers, kinase inhibitors. This review includes discussion on neurobiological mechanisms and newly developed compounds which have lesser side effects and are proving more efficient for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Â