Social isolation and its psychosocial factors in mild lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic : a cross-sectional survey of the Japanese population

Objective This study investigated the sociodemographic, behavioural and psychological characteristics of socially isolated individuals during the ‘mild lockdown’ period of COVID-19 in Japan. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting The seven prefectures where the emergency declaration was first applied in Japan. Participants We collected data on 11 333 individuals (52.4% women, 46.3±14.6 years) living in the seven prefectures where the emergency declaration was first applied. The online survey was performed between 11 May and 12 May 2020, in the final phase of the state of emergency. Primary outcome measures Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) Results We found that male sex (95% CI 1.60 to 1.98), middle age (95% CI 1.55 to 1.93) and lower income (eg, annual household income