FORMATION OF CONCEPTS OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE DIALOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF DOSTOYEVSKY´S CHARACTERS

U središtu zanimanja ovog diplomskog rada je problem dobra i zla analiziran na primjeru romana Bjesovi Fjodora Mihajloviča Dostojevskog. U prvom dijelu izložene su najvažnije odrednice realizma kao književno-povijesnog konteksta djela, kao i životopis autora koji je umnogome obilježio njegov književni opus. U prilog preglednosti glavnog dijela rada, prije analize Bjesova dan je filozofski okvir problema dobra i zla, koji nedvojbeno ukazuje na to da se radi o vječnom problemu, odnosno uvijek otvorenom pitanju. Analiza Bjesova središnji je dio rada – prikazano je zlo u raznim oblicima, kroz rađanje novih ideologija, dijaloge između glavnih likova i njihove svjetonazore. Obrazložen je i odgovor koji Dostojevski nudi na zlo u svijetu, a glavni lik Nikolaj Stavrogin uspoređen je sa knezom Miškinom, protagonistom romana Idiot. Utjecaj Dostojevskog primjetan je i kod hrvatskih književnika, što je oprimjereno djelima Marinkovića i Krleže. Jedna od specifičnosti na estetskom planu Dostojevskog, polifonija ili višeglasje romana, u posljednjem je dijelu objašnjena i potkrijepljena primjerima iz Bjesova.The focus of this paper is the problem of good and evil as it is analysed on the example of the novel The Demons by Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoevsky. The first part presents the most important features of realism as a literary-historical context of the novel, as well as the biography of the author, which undoubtedly left a mark on his literary work. The philosophical framework of the problem of good and evil -given before the analysis of The Demons- has been provided in support of the overview of the main part of this paper. There is no doubt that this is indicated as an eternal problem, i.e. it is always an open question. The analysis of The Demons is the central part of this paper – showing various forms of evil: through the birth of new ideologies, dialogues between the main characters and their worldview. Dostoevsky’s answer to evil in the world is explained, too. The main character Nikolai Stavrogin is compared to Prince Myshkin, the protagonist of the novel The Idiot. Dostoevsky's influence is also noticeable amongst Croatian writers, most notably in literary works of Marinković and Krleža. The polyphony or cacophony of the novel, one of the specificities of Dostoevsky's aesthetics, is explained and supported by examples from The Demons in the last part of this paper