Numerical simulation of an internal combustion engine

Toyota Gazoo Racing sportski je odjel japanskog proizvođača automobila Toyota. Krajem 2020. predstavio je Toyotu Yaris GR4, automobil s 260 konjskih snaga. Kako bi uspjeli postići takve performanse, izradili su motor zapremnine 1,6 litara s tri cilindra. Motor je izrađen iz aluminijskog bloka i glave, a ima ukupno 12 ventila. Oni su varijabilno upravljani varijatorima na krajevima bregastih osovina, pokretanih direktnom lančanom vezom s koljenastim vratilom. Kako bi se iz tako maloga motora postigle sportske performanse, inženjeri su dodali i turbopuhalo koji je integriram s ispušnom granom. Tlak turbopuhala iznosi 2,7 bara. Na kraju rada napravljene su simulacije rada motora u programu Lotus gdje se dobila jednaka snaga kao što je i realan slučaj, dok je moment bio nešto veći. Kutovi otvaranja i zatvaranja usisnih i ispušnih ventila su optimalno postavljeni, a njihovim drugačijim postavljanjem dobiva se niža snaga motora. Isto tako, povećavanjem pritiska u turbopuhalu može se povećati snaga motora, ali tada u pitanje dolazi njegova trajnost.Toyota Gazoo Racing is the sports department of Japanese carmaker Toyota. In late 2020, it introduced the Toyota Yaris GR4, a 260-horsepower car. To achieve such performance, they built a 1.6-liter three-cylinder engine. The engine is made of aluminum block and head, and has a total of 12 valves. They are variable controlled by variators at the ends of the camshafts, driven by a direct chain link with the crankshaft. To achieve sporty performance from such a small engine, engineers have also added a turbocharger that integrates it with the exhaust manifold. The turbocharger pressure is 2.7 bar. At the end of the work, simulations of engine operation were made in the Lotus program, where the same power was obtained as in the real case, while the torque was slightly higher. The opening and closing angles of the intake and exhaust valves are optimally set, and their different placement results in lower engine power. Likewise, increasing the pressure in the turbocharger can increase engine power, but then its durability comes into question