Young people's views on illegal immigrants: sociological research

Migracije predstavljaju izazov suvremenog načina života. Migracijska kriza koja se dogodila 2015.god bila je posljedica višegodišnjih tranzicijskih procesa na Bliskom Istoku i u Sjevernoj Africi, koja je dovela do povećanog priljeva migranata. Taj migracijski val je zahvatio i Republiku Hrvatsku koja se našla na tzv. Balkanskoj ruti. Migracijska kriza dovela je i do porasta stope kriminaliteta pa je stoga cilj rada bio obraditi pojmove i uzroke ilegalnih migracija, te smjerove kretanja ilegalnih migranata. U radu je provedeno i istraživanje kako bi se ispitali stavovi mladih prema ilegalnim migrantima. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom ankete na uzorku od 203 punoljetne mlade osobe u dobi između 18-24 i 25-29 god. na području grada Vrgorca i okolice. Posebnim ciljevima istraživanja ispitivala se povezanost između sociodemografskih obilježja i stavova mladih prema ilegalnim migrantima, te socio-političkih obilježja mladih i antiimigracijskih stavova prema ilegalnim migrantima. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se mladi najčešće informiraju o migracijskoj krizi putem internetskih portala, društveni mreža, te televizije. Također istraživanje je pokazalo da se muškarci i žene značajno razlikuju u stavovima prema ilegalnim migrantima. Muškarci smatraju u većoj mjeri da su ilegalni migranti prijetnja sigurnosti građana, te da uništavaju imovinu građana dok žene u većo mjeri smatraju da je nužno osigurati kampove za ilegalne migrante (21,7%). Iz rezultata istraživanja moguće je zaključiti kako politička orijentacija oblikuju stavove mladih prema ilegalnim migrantima. Sukladno tome oni koji su desno orijentirani, imaju negativnije stavove o ilegalnim migrantima. Također rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da društveni utjecaj (uloga medija), religija i stupanj obrazovanja ne oblikuju stavove mladih prema ilegalnim migrantima. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da oni koji su obrazovaniji nemaju nužno pozitivniji stav prema ilegalnim migrantima., kao ni oni što su religiozni i koji se informiraju putem medija o migracijskoj krizi i ilegalnim migrantima negativniji. Dakle, da bi se spriječio ilegalan prelazak, a samim time i krijumčarenje ljudi prema mišljenju ispitanika potrebna je dodatna obuka policijskih službenika, a prije svega donošenje adekvatnih zakona na razini EU-a.Migration is a challenge to the modern way of life. The migration crisis that occurred in 2015 was the result of years of transition processes in the Middle East and North Africa, which led to an increased influx of migrants. This migration wave also affected the Republic of Croatia, which found itself in the so-called Balkan route. The migration crisis has also led to an increase in the crime rate, so the aim of the paper was to address the concepts and causes of illegal migration, and the directions of movement of illegal migrants. The paper also conducted a survey to examine the attitudes of young people towards illegal migrants. The research was conducted using a survey method on a sample of 203 adult young people aged between 18-24 and 25-29 years. in the area of the town of Vrgorac and its surroundings. The specific objectives of the research examined the connection between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes of young people towards illegal migrants, and socio-political characteristics of young people and anti-immigration attitudes towards illegal migrants. The results of the research showed that young people are most often informed about the migration crisis through internet portals, social networks and television. Research has also shown that men and women differ significantly in their attitudes towards illegal migrants. Men consider to a greater extent that illegal migrants are a threat to the security of citizens, and that they destroy the property of citizens, while women to a greater extent consider it necessary to provide camps for illegal migrants (21.7%). From the results of the research, it is possible to conclude that political orientation shapes young people attitudes towards illegal migrants. Accordingly, those who are right-wing have more negative attitudes about illegal migrants. Also, the results of the research showed that social influence (the role of the media), religion and level of education do not shape the attitudes of young people towards illegal migrants. The research found that those who are more educated do not necessarily have a more positive attitude towards illegal migrants, as well as those who are religious and who are informed through the media about the migration crisis and illegal migrants more negatively. According to the respondents, human trafficking requires additional training of police officers, and above all the adoption of adequate laws at the EU level