δ¹⁸O patterns in massive ice, Gyda River terrace I, northern Gydan Peninsula

Lenses of massive ground ice and cryopegs were found at different levels in Holocene deposits in the northeastern Yamal Peninsula. Massive ice, 7 to 9 m thick, occurs at the depth 12 m under the Seyakha (Mutnaya) River. Multistage massive ground ice (four lenses, 0.4 m thick and 8 m long) exists in Gyda terrace I. Lateral and vertical δ18O isotope patterns in the Sabetta and Gyda multistage massive ice complexes indicate their heterogeneity and intrasedimental origin by segregation or a combined intrusive-segregation mechanism