ROMAN TREATIES AND SUPRANATIONALIZATION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Europska unija je jedinstvena meduvladina i nadnacionalna zajednica europskih drZava koja se temelji se na vladavini prava. Svako njezino djelovanje temelji se na ugovorima koje su dobrovoljno i demokratski odobrile sve drZave dlanice Europske unije. Nastala je kao proces suradnje i integracije izrnedu Sest drZava: Francuske, Njemadke, Italije, Belgije, Nizozemske i Luksemburga. Prva supranacionalna institucija izmedu navedenih Sest drZava osnovanaje I . srpnja 1952. pod nazivom Europska zajednica za ugljen i delik (EZUC) kojaje nastala potpisivanjem Ugovora o osnivanju Europske zajednice za ugljen i delik. Iste drZave dlanice su25. oZujka 1957. na sastanku u fumu potpisale i sljedeia dva ugovora: Ugovor o Europskoj ekonomskoj zajednici (EEZ) i Ugovor o europskoj zajednici za atomsku energiju - Euroatom, odnosno Rimski ugovori. Sukladno Ugovoru o Europskoj ekonomskoj zajednici l. sijednja 1958. osnovana je supranacionalna zajednica pod nazivom Europska ekonomska zajednica (EEZ). Drugim Rimskim sporazumom iz 1957 . osnovana je Europska zajednica za atomsku energiju (EUROATOM). Za razliku od ugovora o EZUe-u, Rimski ugovori sklopljeni su na neogranideno vrijeme Sto im je dalo gotovo ustavni status. Cilj EEZ-a bio je uspostava zajednidkog trZi5ta zasnovanog na detiri slobode: sloboda kretanja robe, osoba, kapitala i usluga. Uspjehom zajednice smatra se i uspostavljanje carinske unije, zajednidke poljoprivredne, trgovinske i transportne politike. Uspostava Zajednice bio je polaganje temelja za uspostavu danaSnjeg unutamjeg trZi5ta Europske unije. Cilj stvaranja Euroatoma bio je osigurati zemljama dlanicama energetsku samostalnost Zavr5ni rad koriStenjem atomske energije. Pored ekonomskih motiva za stvaranje Zajednice bili su vaZni i oni politidki. Navedeni ugovori skupnim nazivom nazivaju se Osnivadki ugovori. Oni su bitno izmijenjeni, a Ugovor o Europskoj zajednici za ugljen i delik prestao je vaZiti 2002. Danas se Europska unija temelji na Ugovoru o Europskoj uniji i Ugovoru o funkcioniranju Europske unije koji su prihva6eni na temelju Ugovora iz Lisabona koji je stupio na snagu l. prosinca 2009.The European Union is a single inlergovemmental and supranational community of European states based on the rule of law. All its action is based on treaties approved voluntarily and democratically by all member states of the European Union. It was created as a process ol cooperation and integration between six countries: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The first supranational institution between the six countries was established on the l'r ofJuly 1952 under the name of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). which was created by signing the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community. The same Member States at a meeting in Rome on the 25th of March 1957 atso signed the following two treaties known as the "The Treaties of Rome": the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community - (EAEC or Euratom). In accordance with the Treaty on European Economic Community, a supranational community called the European Economic Community (EEC) was established on thelst of January 1958. The Second Treaty of Rome of 1957 established the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). Unlike the ECSC Treaty, the Treaties of Rome were concluded for an indefinite period oftime, which gave them almost constitutional status. The aim of the EEC was to establish a common market based on,.Four Freedom": the free movement of goods, persons. capital and services. The success of the community is considered to be the establishment of a customs union, common agricultural, trade and transport policy. The ANITA RAJ.IC Raiinska 81, anita.skoric@gmail.com establishment of the Community was laying the foundation for the establishment of today's EU intemal market. The aim of creating Euratom (EAEC) was to provide member states with energy independence though the use of atomic energy. In addition to economic motives for the creation ol the Community, political ones were also important. These agreements are collectively called the Founding Agreements. The agreements have been substantially amended, and the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community expired in 2002. Today, the European Union is based on the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which were accepted on basis of the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on the I st of December 2009