PREVENTION AND WORK WITH YOUNG PEOPLE WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR

Razdoblje adolescencije i odrastanja obilježavaju brojne promjene koje, uz međudjelovanje rizičnih čimbenika, mogu dovesti do razvoja suicidalnog ponašanja. Suicidalno ponašanje i sam čin suicida predstavlja značajni javnozdravstveni problem diljem svijeta te je drugi vodeći uzrok ukupne smrtnosti u dobi od 15 do 29 godina. U svrhu sprječavanja rasta stope suicida potrebno je rano prepoznavanje i rad s mladima suicidalnog ponašanja, što se postiže primjenom preventivnih programa. Cilj rada je prikazati podatke relevantne za prevenciju suicida, uz sistematiziranje rezultata istraživanja o programima prevencije i rada s mladima suicidalnog ponašanja te prikazati njihovu učinkovitost. Rezultati istraživanja usmjerenih na evaluaciju preventivnih programa ukazuju da njihova primjena dovodi do smanjenja suicidalnog ponašanja, suicidalnih ideja i pokušaja suicida te do povećanja znanja i prilagodljivih stavova mladih,što utječe i na povećanje uspješnosti učenika u prepoznavanju suicidalnog ponašanja kod prijatelja, znanju što učini i kako razgovarati s istima te povećavanje spremnost mladih da potraže pomoć od vršnjaka i odraslih, međutim ne dovodi do povećanja traženja formalnih oblika pomoći. Za prevenciju suicida potreban je sustavan, kontinuiran i dobro organiziran rad u različitim područjima rada s mladima, posebice u sustavu odgoja i obrazovanja. Važno je usmjerenje na jačanje zaštitnih čimbenika, stvaranje antisuicidalne klime u zajednici i širenje svijesti o ovoj problematici. U području prevencije značajnu ulogu imaju socijalni radnici koji rade s mladima i obiteljima u riziku, a kod kojih može doći do razvoja suicidalnog ponašanja, zbog čega je potrebna dodatna izobrazba u području prevencije suicidalnog ponašanja kako bi se omogućilo djelovanje socijalnih radnika na smanjenje čimbenika rizika, povećanje osobne i obiteljske dobrobiti i poboljšanje kvalitete života u zajedniciThe period of adolescence and growing up is characterized by numerous changes that,when interacting with risk factors,can lead to the development of suicidal behaviour.Suicidal behaviour and the act of suicide itself is a significant public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause of overall mortality between the ages of 15 and 29. In order to prevent an increase in the suicide rate, early recognition and work with young people of suicidal behaviour is needed, which is achieved through the application of prevention programs. The aim of this paper is to present data relevant to suicide prevention, while systematizing the results of studies on prevention programs and programs for working with young people with suicidal behaviour and to present their effectiveness. The results of studies aimed at evaluating prevention programs indicate that their application leads to a decrease in suicidal behaviour, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and to an increase in knowledge and adaptive attitudes of young people, which also affects the increase of students' efficiency in recognizing suicidal behaviour in friends, knowing what to do and how to talk to them and increases the willingness of young people to seek help from peers and adults, but does not lead to an increase in seeking formal forms of help. Suicide prevention requires systematic, continuous and well-organized work in various areas of working with young people, especially in the education system. It is important to focus on strengthening protective factors, creating an antisuicidal climate in the community and spreading awareness about this issue. In the field of prevention, social workers who work with young people and families at risk have a significant role, as those risks can lead to the development of suicidal behaviour, which requires additional training in the field of suicide prevention to enable social workers to reduce risk factors, increase personal and family well-being and improve the quality of life in the community