Promene vrednosnih orijentacija u Srbiji: provera alternativnih hipoteza na podacima svetske i evropske studije vrednosti za Srbiju u periodu od 1995. do 2010. godine

Starting from Inglehart's basic conclusions that values are not completely stable and fixed, but that they change under some other influences, our analysis is aimed at exploring changes in value orientations in Serbia, by identifying and examining their content of change, and analyzing possible mechanisms that could be affected by the changes (impacts of generation, period and life cycle at the macro level and the impact of socio-economic status at the micro level). Our analysis monitors the changes in value orientations through four VS (three waves World Values Survey, and one wave of European Value Surveys), from 1995 to 2010, longitudinally, which allows us to separate the influences of different factors on the change in value orientations in Serbia, and determine their relative strength. Changes in value orientations were analyzed on the dimensions theoretically developed by Inglehart, applied in our country, with a small necessary modification. In the original version, the basic analytical dimension contrasts materialistic and post-materialist values (by following the index of post-materialism); while in the modified variance, the analysis takes place along the dimension: traditional versus secular-rational values, that is, along the dimension of the two resulting super factors "traditionalism" and "fundamentalism". From the methodological procedures used in the research, the following were applied: descriptive statistics and frequency of value distribution; factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The first objective of our research was to describe changes in value orientations in Serbia from 1995 to 2010. Changes were first identified, noted and described on the mentioned dimensions at three levels (depending on different depth of analysis): a) completely superficial, at the level of indicators ie. at the level of manifestly measured variables; b) monitoring the correlations between individual indicators of value/value orientations, in which we monitored the change in the consistency of the value system; and v) a comparison of factor scores as they change from year to year. The analysis has: 1) been introduced to the complex consequences of the concept of value itself, since it is a very complex, complex and spill-over concept; 2) recognize the fact that the theoretical dimensions of Inglehart in our country cannot be so applied to empirical analysis, since the data do not support these assumptions; and that the search for them must have focused on factorizing factors derived from manifestly measured variables that measure behavior in an area; 3) stated that Serbian society is moving towards: higher values of the postmaterialism index, ie towards values of self-expression (where value priorities shifted from emphasizing economic and physical security to emphasizing living conditions, ie from materialistic to postmaterial-list values ); and towards the increase of values on the factors that measure traditionalism and fundamentalism, that is, towards the increase of traditionalism (value priorities emphasize the importance of the private sphere, that is, attach greater importance to family, work and religion); and an increase in fundamentalism (value priorities emphasize the importance of the public sphere, ie attach greater importance to politics and religion). At the same time, there is a tendency to justify more liberal behavior (divorce, abortion and euthanasia). The second objective was to explain the changes identified, by testing alternative hypotheses, in two ways: 1) identifying changes in value orientations according to our independent variables, by which we reached some conclusions about the socio-demographic characteristics and general profile of the respondents; and 2) identifying changes in value orientations followed by regression models. With this analysis, we have noted an increase in the index of post-materialism and an increase in value on two super factors. We have found greater sensitivity and greater affection for environmental issues and participation in social life, on the one hand, and on the other hand an increase in traditionalism and fundamentalism, that is, withdrawal from the public sphere and a turn to private self-realization, and a decrease in tolerance. What we can generally conclude is that it is not possible to unilaterally reject or substantiate global hypotheses obzirom given that some of these factors affect individual value dimensions, while other value dimensions affect other factors. In the postmaterialism index, we mostly explained this change with a change in the composition of the sample, that is, in the prevalence of the younger generations, with a high index, with education and income having a strong effect on us. That is, within each generation, people with higher socio-economic status have higher index values. For the first super factor of traditionalism, we have described the change by the effect of the period and the effect of education, which we explain by retradition. With the other super factor super fundamentalism ili, we are faced with a retreat into the private sphere, with a significant effect of the period and the effect of education. We hope that the results of our research and analysis will highlight the importance of understanding value, with particular reference to its understanding in the works of renowned American sociologist Ronald Inglehart. Believing that it will contribute to the empirical analysis of a concept considered as one of the basic dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the literature, thus offering important insights into the nature of the phenomenon being analyzed, and thus filling the eventual gap in knowledge about the direction, extent and nature of the dynamics of value change